Table 1 Detailed investigational results of nonlesional group
Patient No. | Age of epilepsy onset (years) | Age at investigation (years) | Time to presurgical evaluation (years) | Seizure type(s) and frequency | Localisation of epileptic focus according to clinical semiology and EEG findings | Neurocognitive deficit | Speech center lateralization defined by functional MRI | 3 T MRI finding before the study | MRI findings in hybrid PET-MRI | FDG-PET/CT made before of our study (hypoMb) | FDG-PET findings in hybrid PET-MRI (hypoMb) | Additional information provided by PET comparing to MRI A, B, C, D, E, F, G | MR status change nn, np, nc, pp, pp+ | Clinical decision according to PETMRI results | Outcome of iEEG and/or resective surgery outcome performed after our study | Time to resective surgery (years) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. | 16 | 26 | 10 | Complex partial, 15/month, no GM | R temporal L temporal | Left hemisphere. | Left | nonlesional | nonlesional | Not performed | R temporal L temporoinsular L frontolateral | B | nn | 3 - considered as not eligible for any further invasive procedures instead of iEEG | N/A | N/A |
2. | 2 | 22 | 20 | Complex partial, 2–4/month, 1 GM/month | R frontal L frontal | Right hemisphere | Right | nonlesional | R cingular FCD | Not performed | R temporal L temporal L frontal | B | np | 3 - considered as not eligible for any further invasive procedures instead of iEEG | DBS was implanted, Engel IV. | N/A |
3. | 18 | 44 | 26 | Complex partial, 6/month, no GM | R frontal insular | Right hemisphere | Left | nonlesional | R temporopolar FCD | Not performed | R temporal R insular | A | np | 1 - remained as iEEG candidate | iEEG was not yet performed. | N/A |
4. | 19 | 36 | 17 | Complex partial, 2/month, no GM | L temporal insular | Bilateral. | Left | nonlesional | L HS, L precuneus FCD | Not performed | L temporal | B | np | 1 - remained as iEEG candidate | iEEG and resective surgery was performed in 2016, Engel III outcome. | 17 |
5. | 18 | 27 | 9 | Complex partial, 2/month, 1 GM/year | L frontal temporal | None. | N/A | nonlesional | Left collateral sulcus FCD | Not performed | L temporal | B | np | 1 - remained as iEEG candidate | iEEG was not yet performed. | N/A |
6. | 32 | 34 | 2 | Complex partial, 4/month, 1 GM/year | R temporal parietal | Right hemisphere | N/A | nonlesional | nonlesional | Not performed | R temporal | A | nn | 1 - remained as iEEG candidate | iEEG was not yet performed. | N/A |
7. | 15 | 26 | 11 | Hypermotor, 10/month, no GM | R frontal insular | None. | Right | nonlesional | nonlesional | Right frontal | negative | G | nn | 3 - considered as not eligible for any further invasive procedures instead of iEEG | N/A | N/A |
8. | 6 | 28 | 22 | Complex partial, 2/month, no GM | L frontal temporal | Bilateral. | N/A | nonlesional | L HS | Not performed | L temporal, L frontolateral | A | np | 1 - remained as iEEG candidate | iEEG was not yet performed. | N/A |
9. | 10 | 43 | 33 | Complex partial, 2/month, no GM | R temporal insular | Bilateral. | N/A | nonlesional | R HS, L HS | Not performed | R temporal, L temporoccipital | B | np | 1 - remained as iEEG candidate | Patient did not concede to perform iEEG, DBS was implanted, Engel III. | N/A |
10. | 18 | 36 | 18 | Complex partial, 1/month, no GM | L temporal | None. | Left | nonlesional | L temporopolar encephalokele | Not performed | L temporal | A | np | 2 - resective surgery is avalaible instead of iEEG | Resective surgery was performed in Jan. 2018., Engel IA. | 19 |
11. | 17 | 43 | 26 | Complex partial, 5/month, 1 GM/month | R frontal temporal insular | Right hemisphere | Left | nonlesional | R precentral gyrus FCD | Right frontotemporal | R frontocentral, R temporal | A | np | 1 - remained as iEEG candidate | iEEG was not yet performed. | N/A |
12. | 12 | 22 | 10 | Complex partial, 2/month, 1 GM/month | L frontal temporal | Left hemisphere. | N/A | nonlesional | L HS | Not performed | L temporal | A | np | 1 - remained as iEEG candidate | iEEG was not yet performed. | N/A |
13. | 16 | 24 | 8 | Complex partial, 30/month, 1 GM/year | L frontal temporal | Bilateral. | N/A | nonlesional | nonlesional | Not performed | R temporal R frontocentral L temporal L frontocentral | B | nn | 1 - remained as iEEG candidate | iEEG was not yet performed. | N/A |
14. | 25 | 43 | 18 | Complex partial, 1/month, no GM | R temporal insular L temporal | None. | N/A | nonlesional | L HS | Not performed | L temporal R temporal | B | np | 1 - remained as iEEG candidate | iEEG was not yet performed. | N/A |
15. | 7 | 18 | 11 | Complex partial, 15/month, 1 GM/year | L temporal parietal insular | Right hemisphere | Left | nonlesional | nonlesional | Not performed | R temporoparietal, R occipital, L temporoparietal, L occipital | B | nn | 3 - considered as not eligible for any further invasive procedures instead of iEEG | N/A | N/A |
16. | 19 | 28 | 9 | Complex partial, 25/month, no GM | L temporal insular | None. | N/A | nonlesional | nonlesional | Not performed | R temporal L temporal L frontomedial | B | nn | 1 - remained as iEEG candidate | iEEG was not yet performed. | N/A |
17. | 3 | 26 | 23 | Complex partial, 10/month, 1 GM/month | L frontal | Bilateral. | N/A | nonlesional | nonlesional | Not performed | R frontomedial R temporal L temporal | B | nn | 3 - considered as not eligible for any further invasive procedures instead of iEEG | N/A | N/A |
18. | 10 | 46 | 36 | Simplex partial sensomotor focal, 15/month, 1 GM/year | R frontal | Right hemisphere | N/A | nonlesional | R precentral gyrus FCD, L precentral gyrus FCD | Not performed | R parietal, L parietal | B | np | 1 - remained as iEEG candidate | iEEG was not yet performed. | N/A |
19. | 15 | 39 | 24 | Complex partial, 4/month, 1 GM/year | R frontal temporal insular L frontal temporal insular | Bilateral. | N/A | nonlesional | R posterior cingulate FCD | Not performed | R frontomedial | A | np | 1 - remained as iEEG candidate | iEEG was not yet performed. | N/A |
20. | 10 | 28 | 18 | Hypermotor, 12/month, 1 GM/month | L frontal insular | None. | N/A | nonlesional | nonlesional | Not performed | L frontal L temporoparietal | A | nn | 1 - remained as iEEG candidate | iEEG was not yet performed. | N/A |
21. | 33 | 39 | 6 | Complex partial, 1/month, no GM | R temporal L temporal | Bilateral. | N/A | nonlesional | R amygdalar FCD | Not performed | R temporal R insular | A | np | 1 - remained as iEEG candidate | iEEG was not yet performed. | N/A |
22. | 32 | 39 | 7 | Hypermotor, 15/month, no GM | L frontal temporal insular | Left hemisphere. | N/A | nonlesional | nonlesional | Not performed | L temporal L insular | A | nn | 1 - remained as iEEG candidate | Patient did not concede to perform iEEG. | N/A |
23. | 3 | 38 | 35 | Complex partial, 30/month, no GM | R frontal temporal parietal insular L frontal temporal parietal insular | Bilateral. | Left | nonlesional | L middle temporal sulcus FCD | Not performed | L temporal | A | np | 1 - remained as iEEG candidate | iEEG was performed in 2016, resective surgery in 2017. 06., Engel IV outcome. | 36 |
24. | 4 | 18 | 14 | Hypermotor, 30/month, no GM | R frontal temporal | Right hemisphere | Left | nonlesional | R anterior cingulate FCD, R straight gyrus FCD | Not performed | R frontolateral, R temporal | A | np | 1 - remained as iEEG candidate | iEEG was not yet performed. | N/A |
25. | 17 | 37 | 20 | Complex partial, 1/month, 1–3 GM/year | L temporal insular | Bilateral. | N/A | nonlesional | L HS | Not performed | L temporal | A | np | 1 - remained as iEEG candidate | iEEG was not yet performed. | N/A |
26. | 7 | 18 | 11 | Hypermotor, 24/month, no GM | L frontal | Left hemisphere. | Left | nonlesional | L superior frontal sulcus FCD | Negative | L frontolateral | A | np | 2 - resective surgery is avalaible instead of iEEG | Resective surgery was performed in Jun. 2018., Engel I. | 12 |
27. | 20 | 42 | 22 | Complex partial, 30/month, no GM | R frontal temporal L temporal | Left hemisphere. | Left | nonlesional | nonlesional | Left temporal | R temporal R insular L temporal | B | nn | 1 - remained as iEEG candidate | iEEG was performed and and the patient was finally considered as not operable, Engel IV. | N/A |
28. | 8 | 18 | 10 | Complex partial, 8/month, no GM | R frontal temporal L temporal | None. | N/A | nonlesional | nonlesional | Not performed | R frontal R temporoparietal L temporal | B | nn | 1 - remained as iEEG candidate | iEEG was not yet performed. | N/A |
29. | 19 | 25 | 6 | Hypermotor, 1/month, 1 GM/year | L frontal parietal | None. | N/A | nonlesional | L inferior insular FCD, L precentral sulcus FCD | Not performed | R temporal, R frontocentral | A | np | 3 - considered as not eligible for any further invasive procedures instead of iEEG | N/A | N/A |
30. | 1 | 39 | 38 | Hypermotor 2/month, 1 GM/month | R frontal insular L frontal | Bilateral. | N/A | nonlesional | nonlesional | Not performed | diffuse hypoMb | B | nn | 3 - considered as not eligible for any further invasive procedures instead of iEEG | N/A | N/A |