|
Parameter
|
PD, all
|
HC
|
PD-CU
|
PD-MCI
|
P1
|
P2
|
P3
|
|---|
|
Number, n
|
47
|
28
|
19
|
28
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
|
Handedness of writing (R: L)
|
47: 0
|
28: 0
|
19: 0
|
28:0
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
|
Age, y
|
55.00 ± 9.27
|
52.06 ± 7.00
|
54.88 ± 10.89
|
55.07 ± 8.20
|
0.085#
|
0.361
|
0.947#
|
|
Gender, M/F
|
23/24
|
8/20
|
8/11
|
15/13
|
0.083
|
0.164
|
0.440
|
|
Duration of disease, years
|
1.74 ± 1.61
|
–
|
1.87 ± 1.32
|
1.65 ± 1.80
|
–
|
–
|
0.288#
|
|
H & Y stage
|
–
|
–
|
1.87 ± 0.37
|
1.82 ± 0.58
|
–
|
–
|
1.000#
|
|
UPDRS score
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
|
Part I
|
–
|
–
|
0.79 ± 1.72
|
0.86 ± 1.21
|
–
|
–
|
0.448#
|
|
Part II
|
–
|
–
|
6.63 ± 3.18
|
6.21 ± 4.09
|
–
|
–
|
0.710
|
|
Part III
|
–
|
–
|
20.79 ± 7.44
|
19.79 ± 8.71
|
–
|
–
|
0.683
|
|
Part IV
|
–
|
–
|
0
|
0
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
|
NMSS score
| | |
21.95 ± 20.82
|
25.96 ± 21.73
| | |
0.380#
|
|
HDRS score
|
–
|
–
|
5.21 ± 6.87
|
6.79 ± 5.32
|
–
|
–
|
0.112#
|
|
HARS score
|
–
|
–
|
3.79 ± 4.88
|
5.68 ± 4.30
|
–
|
–
|
0.058#
|
|
MoCA score
|
–
|
–
|
27.89 ± 2.49
|
24.89 ± 3.28
|
–
|
–
|
0.002*
|
|
EDU, years
|
10.04 ± 4.01
|
10.29 ± 3.75
|
12.53 ± 3.03
|
8.36 ± 3.74
|
0.757#
|
0.001*
|
< 0.001*#
|
- *Indicates significant difference;
- # Indicates the nonparametric test because of the non-normal distribution;
- 1 Comparison between all PD patients (PD-MCI and PD-CU) and HCs
- 2 Comparison among PD-MCI, PD-CU patients, and HCs
- 3 Comparison between PD-CU and PD-MCI patients
- Keys: PD Parkinson’s disease; HC healthy control; PD-CU PD patients with cognitive unimpaired; PD-MCI PD patients with mild cognitive impaired; R right; L left; M male; F female; H & Y Hoehn & Yahr; UPDRS unified PD rating scale; NMS non-motor symptoms; HDRS Hamilton depression rating scale; HARS Hamilton anxiety rating scale; MoCA Montreal cognitive assessment; EDU education
