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Table 2 Parameters of gait, observer-rater tests and fatigue

From: Wearable inertial sensors are highly sensitive in the detection of gait disturbances and fatigue at early stages of multiple sclerosis

 

Comparison group

MS group 1 (EDSS 0.0–1.0)

MS group 2 (EDSS 1.5-2.0)

MS group 3 (EDSS 2.5-5.0)

mean gait parameter

  walking speed [m/s]

1.67 ± 0.18

1.55 ± 0.17

1.47 ± 0.19 a

1.30 ± 0.25 a,b,c

  stride length [m]

1.61 ± 0.16

1.52 ± 0.13

1.47 ± 0.13 a

1.33 ± 0.20 a,b,c

  stride time [s]

0.96 ± 0.06

0.99 ± 0.07

1.01 ± 0.07

1.04 ± 0.09 a

  stance phase [s]

0.51 ± 0.03

0.53 ± 0.04

0.55 ± 0.05 a

0.58 ± 0.07 a,b

  swing phase [s]

0.45 ± 0.03

0.46 ± 0.03

0.46 ± 0.03

0.46 ± 0.05

  MTC [cm]

2.2 ± 0.6

2.2 ± 0.7

1.9 ± 0.5

2.1 ± 1.1

linear trend of mean gait parameter

  walking speed slope

-0.002 ± 0.016

-0.011 ± 0.014

-0.011 ± 0.014

-0.012 ± 0.014 a

  stride length slope

-0.000 ± 0.009

-0.004 ± 0.007

-0.004 ± 0.008

-0.005 ± 0.008

  stride time slope

0.001 ± 0.004

0.005 ± 0.005

0.005 ± 0.005

0.007 ± 0.008 a

  stance phase slope

0.000 ± 0.003

0.002 ± 0.003

0.003 ± 0.003 a

0.005 ± 0.006 a

  swing phase slope

0.001 ± 0.002

0.002 ± 0.002

0.001 ± 0.002

0.002 ± 0.002

  MTC slope

-0.001 ± 0.000

-0.001 ± 0.001

-0.001 ± 0.000

-0.000 ± 0.000

observer-rater tests

  BBS

56.0 ± 0.0

55.7 ± 1.2

55.0 ± 2.5

51.8 ± 4.8a,b,c

  TUG [s]

4.5 ± 0.6

5.2 ± 1.0

5.8 ± 1.3a

7.0 ± 1.6a,b,c

fatigue

  WEIMus

2.2 ± 4.0

6.7 ± 7.1

9.6 ± 7.1 a

17.7 ± 8.3 a,b,c

  1. Values are expressed as mean ± SD. MTC minimum toe-to-floor distance. Significant differences from healthy controls, MS group 1 and MS group 2 are indicated with ‘a’, ‘b’, and ‘c’, respectively (p<0.05)