Table 2 Basic information of patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy
From: Serum creatinine as a biomarker for dystrophinopathy: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study
| Â | Â | Number (%) | Â | Total number (%) | Age (y) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0–4 y | 5–9 y | 10–14 y | 15–19 y | 20–25 y |  |  | |
Ethnic | 82 | 164 | 32 | 4 | 1 | 283 | Â |
 East Asian | 82 (100.00) | 164 (100.00) | 32 (100.00) | 4 (100.00) | 1 (100.00) | 283 (100.00) | 7 (4–8) |
Vignos scale | 62 (75.61) | 162 (98.78) | 31 (96.88) | 4 (100.00) | 1 (100.00) | 260 (91.87) | 7 (5–9) |
Brooke scale | 62 (75.61) | 159 (96.95) | 22 (68.75) | 4 (100.00) | 1 (100.00) | 248 (87.63) | 7 (4.5–8) |
complete GSGC scale | 9 (10.98) | 19 (11.59) | 14 (43.75) | 3 (75.00) | 1 (100.00) | 46 (16.25) | 9 (6–12) |
 Gait | 28 (34.15) | 77 (46.95) | 26 (81.25) | 4 (100.00) | 1 (100.00) | 136 (48.06) | 8 (5–9) |
 Time to walk 10 m | 7 (8.54) | 12 (7.32) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (00.00) | 19 (6.71) | 6 (4–7.5) |
 Climbing stairs | 14 (17.07) | 27 (16.46) | 22 (68.75) | 4 (100.00) | 1 (100.00) | 68 (24.03) | 9 (6–11) |
 Time to climb four standard steps | 11 (13.41) | 12 7.32) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (00.00) | 23 (8.13) | 5 (4–7) |
 Gowers’ manoeuvre | 31 (37.80) | 80 (48.78) | 24 (75.00) | 4 (100.00) | 1 (100.00) | 140 (49.47) | 7 (5–9) |
 Time to stand up from ground | 29 (35.37) | 45 (27.44) | 2 (6.25) | 0 (00.00) | 0 (00.00) | 76 (26.86) | 6 (4–7) |
 Arising from a chair | 9 (10.98) | 25 (15.24) | 17 (53.13) | 3 (75.00) | 1 (100.00) | 55 (19.43) | 9 (7–11) |
 Time to arise from sitting | 8 (9.76) | 18 (10.98) | 1 (3.13) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (00.00) | 27 (9.54) | 7 (4–8) |
 Loss of ambulation | 0 (0.00) | 7 (4.27) | 16 (50.00) | 4 (100.00) | 1 (100.00) | 28 (9.89) | 11 (9.5–13.5) |
MRI in legs | 3 (3.66) | 18 (10.98) | 1 (3.13) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (00.00) | 22 (7.77) | 6.64 ± 2.13 |
Muscle biopsy | 1 (1.22) | 11 (6.71) | 2 (6.25) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (100.00) | 15 (5.30) | 7 (6.5–9) |
Glucocorticoid administration | |||||||
 Oral administration | 10 (12.20) | 57 (34.76) | 14 (43.75) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (00.00) | 81 (28.62) | 7 (6–9) |
 None | 57 (69.51) | 105 (64.02) | 14 (43.75) | 1 (25.00) | 1 (100.00) | 178 (62.90) | 6 (4–8) |
 Unknown | 15 (18.29) | 2 (1.22) | 4 (12.5) | 3 (75.00) | 0 (00.00) | 24 (8.48) | 3 (3–11.5) |
Mutation analysis | 82 | 160 | 31 | 4 | 0 | 277 | Â |
 Deletion | 56 (68.29) | 106 (66.25) | 20 (64.52) | 2 (50.00) | 0 (00.00) | 184 (66.43) | 6 (4–8) |
 Duplication | 9 (10.98) | 19 (11.87) | 4 (12.90) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (00.00) | 32 (11.55) | 7.5 (4–9) |
 Point mutation | 17 (20.73) | 35 (21.88) | 7 (22.58) | 2 (50.00) | 0 (00.00) | 61 (22.02) | 7 (4–9) |