Table 5 Results – Humanistic burden

Cioncoloni (2014)

Binary logistic regression

57

FSS ≥ 5

PCS (SF-36) < 40

FSS ≥ 5

OR = 11.00

2.97, 40.78

< 0.001

MCS (SF-36) < 40

OR = 8.64

2.39, 31.28

0.001

Filho (2019) ^a

Multiple linear regression

31

NR

Vitality (SF-36)

NR; included FSS (cut-off NR)

NR

NR

0.006

Physical Function (SF-36)

NR

NR

0.001

Fricska-Nagy (2016)

Multiple linear regression

428

NR

Overall QoL (MSQOL-54)

BDI-I, EDSS, cognitive FIS (cut-off NR), physical FIS, social FIS

β = 0.094

NR

0.320

BDI-I, EDSS, cognitive FIS, physical FIS (cut-off NR), social FIS

β = −0.785

NR

0.0001

BDI-I, EDSS, cognitive FIS, physical FIS, social FIS (cut-off NR)

β = − 0.152

NR

0.0001

Cognitive QoL (MSQOL-54)

BDI-I, EDSS, cognitive FIS (cut-off NR), physical FIS, social FIS

β = − 0.550

NR

0.0001

BDI-I, EDSS, cognitive FIS, physical FIS (cut-off NR), social FIS

β = −0.051

NR

0.475

BDI-I, EDSS, cognitive FIS, physical FIS, social FIS (cut-off NR)

β = −0.130

NR

0.097

Sexual QoL (MSQOL-54)

BDI-I, EDSS, cognitive FIS (cut-off NR), physical FIS, social FIS

β = −0.249

NR

0.001

BDI-I, EDSS, cognitive FIS, physical FIS (cut-off NR), social FIS

β = 0.008

NR

0.926

BDI-I, EDSS, cognitive FIS, physical FIS, social FIS (cut-off NR)

β = −0.185

NR

0.058

Goksel Karatepe (2011)

Hierarchical regression

79

FSS ≥ 4

Physical health (MSQOL-54)

Disease course, education level, employment status, BDI, EDSS, FSS ≥ 4

β = −1.641

−2.99, −0.29

0.018

Mental health (MSQOL-54)

β = −1.652

−3.26, −0.04

0.045

Gullo (2019)

T-test

62

MFIS, Cognitive > 20, Physical > 23

Physical summary (SF-36)

Cognitive fatigue (low vs. high; MFIS)

t = −0.31

NA

0.761

Physical fatigue (low vs. high; MFIS)

t = 3.24

NA

0.002

Mental summary (SF-36)

Cognitive fatigue (low vs. high; MFIS)

t = 4.82

NA

0.001

Physical fatigue (low vs. high; MFIS)

t = 1.90

NA

0.063

Kaya Aygunoglu (2015)

Pearson’s correlation

120

FSS ≥ 4

Physical and mental scores (MSQOL-54)

FSS

r = −0.58

NA

< 0.01

Leonavicius (2016)

Multiple linear regression

137

FSS ≥ 4

FSS ≥ 4

Gender, age, residence, education, marital status, professional activity, duration of RRMS, EDSS, DMT, sleep problems, HADS-D, HADS-A, MCS < 50 (SF-36), PCS < 50 (SF-36)

OR = 3.82

1.44, 5.54

NR

Gender, age, residence, education, marital status, professional activity, duration of RRMS, EDSS, DMT, sleep problems, HADS-D, HADS-A, MCS < 50 (SF-36), PCS < 50 (SF-36)

NR

NR

>  0.05

Schmidt (2019)

Multivariate linear regression

254

FSMC ≥43 mild, ≥53 moderate, ≥63 severe

Overall QoL (MusiQoL)

Physical exercise, family status, occupation, CES-D, FSMC (cut-off NR)

β = 4.75

1.73, 7.78

0.002

Family status, occupation, EDSS score, CES-D, FSMC (cut-off NR)

β = 3.46

0.51, 6.41

0.022

CES-D, FSMC, EDSS score (cut-off NR)

β = 4.98

2.10, 7.87

0.001

CES-D, FSMC, occupation, EDSS score (cut-off NR)

β = 4.17

1.29, 7.05

0.005

Takemoto (2015)

Wilcoxon test

210

MFIS-BR Absent: ≤38 points, Low: 39–58 points, High: ≥59 points

Utility score (Brazilian and UK algorithm)

MFIS-BR (absent vs. low vs. high)

NR

NA

< 0.001

Taveira (2019)

T-test

39

MFIS ≥38

FAMS

MFIS (fatigued vs non-fatigued)

NR

NA

0.001

Weiland (2015) ^b

Binary logistic regression

2090

FSS ≥ 4

FSS ≥ 4

Overall HRQoL domain (MSQOL-54)

OR = 0.94

0.93, 0.94

< 0.001

1802

Physical health composite (MSQOL-54)

OR = 0.91

0.90, 0.92

< 0.001

2131

Energy domain (MSQOL-54)

OR = 0.92

0.92, 0.93

< 0.001

2047

Mental health composite (MSQOL-54)

OR = 0.94

0.93, 0.94

< 0.001