Table 1 Characteristics of study participants by dementia status
Characteristics | Total sample | Dementia status | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 4742) | No (n = 4569) | Yes (n = 173) | pa | |
Age (years) | 71.27 (4.99) | 71.14 (4.87) | 74.63 (6.69) | < 0.001 |
Women, n (%) | 2707 (57.1) | 2581 (56.5) | 126 (72.8) | < 0.001 |
Education (years) | 3.21 (3.44) | 3.28 (3.45) | 1.45 (2.55) | < 0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2), n (%)b | Â | Â | Â | 0.005 |
  < 18.5 | 150 (3.2) | 138 (3.0) | 12 (7.0) |  |
 18.5-23.9 | 1814 (38.4) | 1743 (38.3) | 61 (35.7) |  |
 24-27.9 | 1817 (38.5) | 1753 (38.5) | 74 (43.3) |  |
  ≥ 28.0 | 938 (19.9) | 914 (20.1) | 24 (14.0) |  |
Alcohol drinking, n (%) |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Never | 2894 (61.0) | 2759 (60.4) | 135 (78.0) |  |
 Former | 452 (9.5) | 437 (9.6) | 15 (8.7) |  |
 Current | 1396 (29.4) | 1373 (30.1) | 23 (13.3) |  |
Smoking, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.001 |
 Never | 3040 (64.1) | 2908 (63.6) | 132 (76.3) |  |
 Former | 988 (20.8) | 969 (21.2) | 19 (11.0) |  |
 Current | 714 (15.1) | 692 (15.1) | 22 (12.7) |  |
Leisure-time physical activity, n (%) | 3174 (66.9) | 3061 (67.0) | 113 (65.3) | 0.645 |
Hypertension, n (%)b | 3154 (67.0) | 3038 (67.0) | 116 (67.4) | 0.911 |
Diabetes, n (%) | 684 (14.4) | 643 (14.1) | 41 (23.7) | < 0.001 |
Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 1118 (23.6) | 1063 (23.3) | 55 (31.8) | 0.010 |
Coronary heart disease, n (%) | 1032 (21.8) | 981 (21.5) | 51 (29.5) | 0.012 |
Stroke, n (%) | 747 (15.8) | 687 (15.0) | 60 (34.7) | < 0.001 |
Depressive symptoms, n (%)b | 459 (9.8) | 401 (8.9) | 58 (37.4) | < 0.001 |
Hypnotics use, n (%) | 233 (4.9) | 215 (4.7) | 18 (10.4) | 0.001 |
APOE ε4 carriers, n (%)b | 729 (15.9) | 697 (15.7) | 32 (18.6) | 0.314 |
Sleep duration (h) | 6.63 (1.71) | 6.63 (1.67) | 6.63 (2.44) | 0.817 |
PSQI score | 5.97 (4.18) | 5.90 (4.12) | 8.08 (5.08) | < 0.001 |
ESS score | 4.44 (4.25) | 4.38 (4.16) | 6.12 (5.95) | 0.002 |
MMSE scoreb | 20.88 (6.03) | 21.25 (5.74) | 10.38 (4.27) | < 0.001 |