Self-reported sleep characteristics associated with dementia among rural-dwelling Chinese older adults: a population-based study

Table 2 Associations of self-reported sleep characteristics with all-cause dementia and Alzheimer’s disease (n = 4742)

Self-reported sleep characteristics	No. of subjects	All-cause dementia (n = 173)			Alzheimer’s disease (n = 115)
		No. of cases	Odds ratio (95% confidence interval)		No. of cases	Odds ratio (95% confidence interval)
		No. of cases	Model 1^a	Model 2^b	No. of cases	Model 1^a	Model 2^b
Sleep duration
≤ 4 h	486	37	2.20 (1.42-3.41)^***	1.71 (1.07-2.72)^*	27	2.16 (1.29-3.62)^**	1.78 (1.03-3.05)^*
> 4 to 6 h	1371	37	0.94 (0.62-1.43)	0.76 (0.49-1.18)	26	0.96 (0.58-1.60)	0.83 (0.49-1.40)
> 6 to 8 h	2228	59	1.00 (Reference)	1.00 (Reference)	40	1.00 (Reference)	1.00 (Reference)
> 8 h	657	40	1.98 (1.30-3.02)^**	1.63 (1.05-2.55)^*	22	1.57 (0.91-2.68)	1.39 (0.80-2.44)
Sleep quality
Good	2523	66	1.00 (Reference)	1.00 (Reference)	41	1.00 (Reference)	1.00 (Reference)
Poor	2219	107	1.59 (1.16-2.19)^**	1.17 (0.82-1.67)	74	1.68 (1.13-2.50)^*	1.27 (0.83-1.95)
Sleep efficiency (per 10% decrease)	4742	173	1.18 (1.09-1.27)^***	1.11 (1.03-1.20)^**	115	1.19 (1.09-1.30)^***	1.12 (1.02-1.24)^*
Sleep latency
≤ 30 min	3434	103	1.00 (Reference)	1.00 (Reference)	62	1.00 (Reference)	1.00 (Reference)
> 30 min	1308	70	1.39 (1.01-1.92)^*	1.15 (0.81-1.62)	53	1.65 (1.12-2.43)^*	1.38 (0.91-2.08)
EDS
No	4310	140	1.00 (Reference)	1.00 (Reference)	94	1.00 (Reference)	1.00 (Reference)
Yes	432	33	2.93 (1.95-4.42)^***	1.85 (1.19-2.89)^**	21	2.87 (1.73-4.75)^***	2.07 (1.21-3.54)^**

^aModel 1 was adjusted for age, sex, and education
^bModel 2 was additionally adjusted for body mass index, alcohol consumption status, smoking status, leisure-time physical activity, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, coronary heart disease, stroke, depressive symptoms, hypnotics use, and APOE genotype
^*p < 0.05, ^**p < 0.01, ^***p < 0.001
Abbreviations: EDS Excessive daytime sleepiness

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