Self-reported sleep characteristics associated with dementia among rural-dwelling Chinese older adults: a population-based study

Table 3 Associations between self-reported sleep characteristics and the Mini-Mental State Examination score among dementia-free participants (n = 4549)

Self-reported sleep characteristics	No. of subjects	β coefficient (95% confidence interval)
Self-reported sleep characteristics	No. of subjects	Model 1^a	Model 2^b
Sleep duration
≤ 4 h	447	−0.97 (−1.40 - -0.53)^***	− 0.86 (− 1.29 - -0.42)^***
> 4 to 6 h	1326	− 0.13 (− 0.42 - 0.15)	− 0.09 (− 0.38 - 0.20)
> 6 to 8 h	2164	0.00 (Reference)	0.00 (Reference)
> 8 h	612	− 0.67 (− 1.04 - -0.29)^***	− 0.61 (− 0.99 - -0.24)^**
Sleep quality
Good	2446	0.00 (Reference)	0.00 (Reference)
Poor	2103	−0.37 (− 0.61 - -0.12)^**	−0.24 (− 0.49 - 0.02)
Sleep efficiency (per 10% decrease)	4549	−0.16 (− 0.23 - -0.09)^***	−0.13 (− 0.20 - -0.06)^***
Sleep latency
≤ 30 min	3314	0.00 (Reference)	0.00 (Reference)
> 30 min	1235	−0.35 (− 0.64 - -0.07)^*	−0.23 (− 0.51 - 0.06)
EDS
No	4151	0.00 (Reference)	0.00 (Reference)
Yes	398	−1.28 (−1.71 - -0.84)^***	− 1.11 (− 1.55 - -0.68)^***

^aModel 1 was adjusted for age, sex, and education
^bModel 2 was additionally adjusted for body mass index, alcohol consumption status, smoking status, leisure-time physical activity, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, coronary heart disease, stroke, depressive symptoms, hypnotics use, and APOE genotype
^*p < 0.05, ^**p < 0.01, ^***p < 0.001
Abbreviations: EDS Excessive daytime sleepiness

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