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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the total sample and stratification by follow-up walking speed limitation

From: Cerebral small vessel disease, cardiovascular risk factors, and future walking speed in old age: a population-based cohort study

Characteristics

Total sample

(n = 331)

Follow-up walking speed limitation

No (n = 255)

Yes (n = 76)

P value

Age (years), mean (SD)

68.9 (8.3)

66.2 (6.8)

77.7 (6.3)

< 0.001

Women, n (%)

193 (58.31)

142 (55.7)

51 (67.1)

0.08

Education, n (%)

   

0.01

 Elementary

32 (9.7)

22 (8.6)

10 (13.2)

 

 High School

141 (42.6)

100 (39.2)

41 (54.0)

 

 University

158 (47.7)

133 (52.2)

25 (32.9)

 

MMSE scorea, mean (SD)

29.3 (0.9)

29.3 (0.9)

29.0 (1.1)

0.02

High CRP a, n (%)

54 (16.6)

38 (15.2)

16 (21.1)

0.23

Number of chronic diseases, mean (SD)

3.2 (2.0)

3.0 (1.8)

5.0 (2.2)

< 0.001

Physically inactive, n (%)

54 (16.3)

43 (16.9)

11 (14.5)

0.62

Heavy alcohol consumption, n (%)

65 (19.6)

51 (20.0)

14 (18.4)

0.76

Ever smoking, n (%)

186 (56.2)

152 (59.6)

34 (44.7)

0.02

SBP, mean (SD)

141.4 (19.1)

139.7 (18.6)

147.3 (19.5)

0.002

DBP, mean (SD)

83.2 (10.0)

83.3 (10.0)

82.7 (10.0)

0.62

Anti-hypertensive agents, n (%)

108 (32.6)

68 (26.7)

40 (52.6)

< 0.001

Diabetes, n (%)

22 (6.7)

16 (6.3)

6 (7.9)

0.62

High total cholesterol a, n (%)

192 (58.7)

146 (58.2)

46 (60.5)

0.71

BMI (kg/m2), n (%)

   

0.47

 Underweight (< 20)

12 (3.6)

11 (4.3)

1 (1.3)

 

 Normal (20-24.9)

134 (40.5)

99 (38.8)

35 (46.1)

 

 Overweight (25-29.9)

147 (44.4)

116 (45.5)

31 (40.8)

 

 Obese (≥30)

38 (11.5)

29 (11.4)

9 (11.8)

 

Atrial fibrillation, n (%)

17 (5.1)

13 (5.1)

4 (5.3)

0.95

Coronary heart disease, n (%)

24 (7.3)

19 (7.5)

5 (6.6)

0.80

Heart failure, n (%)

13 (3.9)

6 (2.4)

7 (9.2)

0.01

Cerebrovascular diseases, n (%)

10 (3.0)

5 (2.0)

5 (6.6)

0.04

WMH volume b, mean (SD)

0.8 (1.3)

0.6 (1.2)

1.3 (1.3)

< 0.001

WMH volume, n (%)

   

0.001

 1st Tertile

118 (35.7)

101 (39.6)

17 (22.4)

 

 2nd Tertile

126 (38.1)

99 (38.8)

27 (35.5)

 

 3rd Tertile

87 (26.3)

55 (21.6)

32 (42.1)

 

PVS score, mean (SD)

15.6 (4.5)

15.4 (4.6)

16.2 (4.5)

0.20

PVS, n (%)

   

0.46

 1st Tertile

103 (31.1)

82 (32.2)

21 (27.6)

 

 2nd Tertile

121 (36.6)

95 (37.3)

26 (34.2)

 

 3rd Tertile

107 (32.3)

78 (30.6)

29 (38.2)

 

Presence of lacunes, n (%)

37 (11.2)

22 (8.6)

15 (19.7)

0.01

cSVD burden, n (%)

   

< 0.001

 0

159 (48.0)

138 (54.1)

21 (27.6)

 

 1

118 (35.7)

82 (32.2)

36 (47.4)

 

 2 or 3

54 (16.3)

35 (13.7)

19 (25.0)

 
  1. a Data were missing for 15 persons in MMSE score, 5 in CRP, and 4 in total cholesterol
  2. b Volume was corrected for total brain tissue volume
  3. SD standard deviation, MMSE Mini-Mental State Examination, WMH white matter hyperintensities, PVS perivascular spaces, CRP C-reactive protein, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, BMI body mass index, cSVD cerebral small vessel disease
  4. P value is for the test of comparisons between people with and without incident walking speed limitation during the follow-up period
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BMC Neurology

ISSN: 1471-2377

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