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Table 1 Baseline characteristic of stroke patients with/without HMCAS

From: The Hyperdense middle cerebral artery sign is associated with poor leptomeningeal collaterals in acute ischemic stroke: a retrospective study

Variables

Present with HMCAS

Yes(n = 180)

No(n = 314)

P value

Characteristics

 Age (in yrs., mean ± SD)

67.9 ± 13.6

66.4 ± 13.8

0.262

 Male (n, %)

91 (50.6)

187 (59.6)

0.052

Risk Factors, n (%)

 Hypertension

90 (50.0)

177 (56.4)

0.172

 Diabetes mellitus

41 (22.8)

72 (22.9)

0.969

 Atrial fibrillationa

103 (57.2)

100 (31.8)

< 0.001

 Coronary heart disease

20 (11.1)

23 (7.3)

0.151

 Previous stroke/TIA

17 (9.4)

49 (15.6)

0.053

 Dyslipidemia

19 (10.6)

45 (14.3)

0.229

 Current smoking

28 (15.6)

45 (14.3)

0.712

Premorbid Drug Use, n (%)

 Antithrombotic

21 (11.7)

22 (7.0)

0.077

 Antiplatelet

11 (6.1)

25 (8.0)

0.446

 Statin

11 (6.1)

17 (5.4)

0.747

 Antihypertensive

61 (33.9)

114 (36.3)

0.589

 Antidiabetics

15 (8.3)

34 (10.8)

0.372

Laboratory Studies, mean ± SD

Systolic blood pressurea, mmHg

140.2 ± 23.3

147.0 ± 25.8

0.004

 Temperature, oC

36.5 ± 0.5

36.4 ± 0.3

0.058

 Blood glucose, mmol/L

8.0 ± 2.7

8.1 ± 3.1

0.675

 Triglycerides, mmol/L

1.5 ± 1.0

1.7 ± 1.2

0.111

 Total cholesterol, mmol/L

4.3 ± 1.1

4.3 ± 1.1

0.684

 HDL-C, mmol/L

1.3 ± 0.4

1.3 ± 0.4

0.661

 LDL-C, mmol/L

2.6 ± 1.0

2.5 ± 0.8

0.539

 Serum uric acid, μmol/L

350.3 ± 101.1

354.8 ± 106.0

0.640

 White cell count (*10^9/L)

8.8 ± 3.0

8.5 ± 8.9

0.639

 Serum creatinine, μmol/L

74.0 ± 23.2

78.7 ± 35.3

0.112

 NIHSS score at admissiona (median, IQR)

16 (11-20)

7 (3-15)

< 0.001

 Proximal occlusiona

135 (75.0)

159 (50.6)

< 0.001

Collateral Status, n (%)

 rLMC 0-10a

121 (67.2)

72 (22.9)

< 0.001

 rLMC 11-16

37 (20.6)

64 (20.4)

0.963

 rLMC 17-20a

22 (12.2)

178 (56.7)

< 0.001

Reperfusion therapy, n (%)

 Thrombolysis

41 (22.8)

78 (24.0)

0.606

 Onset-to-treatment time (r-tPA), min

191.1 ± 43.3

182.2 ± 48.1

0.338

 Endovascular treatment

51 (28.3)

31 (9.9)

< 0.001

 Onset-to-treatment time, min

269.9 ± 117.0

215.3 ± 73.2

0.062

  1. P is calculated by t test, Chi-square test, or Mann-Whitney U test as appropriate
  2. a Variables showed significant differences
  3. SD Standard Deviation, IQR Interquartile Range, HMCAS Hyperdense middle cerebral artery sign, TIA Transient Ischemic Attacks, HDL-C High density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C Low density lipoprotein cholesterol, NIHSS National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, rLMC regional Leptomeningeal Collateral scores, r-tPA recombinant tissue plasminogen activator