Table 1 Characteristics of included studies
From: Unusual neurologic manifestations of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease: a systematic literature review
Year | First author | Study Design | Country | Sex/Age (years) | Presenting Neurological Symptoms and Signs | Neurologic Manifestations Reported | Diagnostic criteria |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2021 [18] | Yu et al. | CR | South Korea | M/43 | Paraplegia, sensory deficit in both lower extremities, positive Babinski’s sign, dysuria | Longitudinal myelitis | Complete VKH disease according to Revised Diagnostic Criteria [9] |
2020 [11] | Patyal et al. | CR | India | F/28 | – | AION | Probable VKH disease [9] |
2020 [30] | El Beltagi et al. | CR | U.S.A | M/38 | – | Leptomeningitis of the cerebellar folia | Probable VKH disease [9] |
2019 [29] | Le et al. | CR | Australia | F/69 | Ataxia of the 4 limbs | Medial temporal lobes leptomeningitis | Incomplete VKH disease [9] |
2018 [26] | Pellegrini et al. | CR | Italy | F/42 | – | Unilateral neuroretinitis | Complete VKH disease [9] |
2017 [22] | Algahtani et al. | CR | Saudi Arabia | F/39 | Dysarthria, confusion, and status epilipticus | Hyperintense periventricular lesions mimicking multiple sclerosis | Incomplete VKH disease [9] |
2016 [32] | Valenzuela et al. | CR | U.S.A | M/32 | – | Pachymeningitis along the clivus | Incomplete VKH disease [9] |
2014 [37] | Vergaro et al. | CR | Italy | M/12 | Choreic movements, unsteady gait | Ischemic stroke | Incomplete VKH disease [9] |
2014 [19] | Sheriff et al. | CR | U.S.A | F/58 | Peripheral facial palsy, hypoglossal nerve dysfunction, facial hypoesthesia, hemiataxia | Diffuse pachymeningitis with cerebellopontine angle inflammatory lesion | Incomplete VKH disease [9] |
2013 [16] | Gu et al. | CR | China | F/50 | Tetraparesis, positive bilateral Babinski’s sign | Acute myelitis | Incomplete VKH disease [9] |
2013 [24] | Kales et al. | CR | Turkey | M/27 | – | Hyperintense lesion in the periventricular deep white matter | – |
2013 [34] | Naeini et al | CR | Iran | F/57 | Disturbances of consciousness | Encephalopathy with hyperintensity in the right temporal, both frontal and right parietal lobes | Incomplete VKH disease [9] |
2012 [28] | Loh Y | CR | U.S.A | M/35 | Severe vertigo, bidirectional gaze-evoked nystagmus | Basilar leptomeningitis | – |
2011 [27] | Lohman et al | CR | U.S.A | M/28 | – | Leptomeningitis of the cerebellar folia and the interpeduncular fossa | Probable VKH disease [9] |
2010 [17] | Tang et al | CR | China | F/16 | Paraparesis, positive bilateral Babinski’s sign | Acute longitudinal myelitis | Incomplete VKH disease [9] |
2010 [31] | Han et al | CR | South Korea | F/54 | – | Anterior temporal lobes pachymeningitis | Incomplete VKH disease [9] |
2009 [38] | Baheti et al | CR | India | M/26 | Gaze-evoked nystagmus, bilateral upper and lower limb incoordination, gait ataxia | Cerebellar hemorrhagic stroke | Complete VKH disease [9] |
2009 [10] | Nakao et al | CR | Japan | F/79 | – | AION | Incomplete VKH disease [9] |
M/65 | – | AION | Incomplete VKH disease [9] | ||||
M/64 | – | AION | Incomplete VKH disease [9] | ||||
M/63 | – | AION | Incomplete VKH disease [9] | ||||
F/54 | – | AION | Incomplete VKH disease [9] | ||||
M/70 | – | AION | Incomplete VKH disease [9] | ||||
2009 [15] | Dahbour SS | CR | Jordan | F/37 | Paraparesis, positive Lhermitte’s sign, positive Romberg’s test, urinary urgency | Acute myelitis | Complete VKH disease [9] |
2009 [20] | Hashimoto et al | CR | Japan | M/28 | One-and-a-half syndrome, facial nerve palsy, stuporous, palate paresis | Brainstem encephalitis | Complete VKH disease [9] |
2007 [25] | Rajendram et al | CR | U.S.A | F/35 | – | Optic neuritis | Probable VKH disease [9] |
F/35 | – | Optic neuritis | Probable VKH disease [9] | ||||
M/25 | – | Optic neuritis | Probable VKH disease [9] | ||||
2007 [40] | Yamamoto et al | CR | Japan | F/43 | Urinary incontinence, disturbance of consciousness | Hydrocephalus | – |
2006 [13] | Abematsu et al | CR | Japan | F/51 | – | AION | – |
2001 [33] | Najman-Vainer et al | CR | U.S.A | M/43 | Weakness and decreased sensitivity of the lower limbs, abolition of Achilles tendon reflexes and diminution of the patellar tendon reflexes | Guillain-Barré syndrome | Incomplete VKH disease [9] |
F/63 | Weakness of the 4 extremities and facial muscles, areflexia | Guillain-Barré syndrome | Incomplete VKH disease [9] | ||||
M/48 | Weakness of the 4 extremities, bilateral facial nerve palsy, areflexia | Guillain-Barré syndrome | Probable VKH disease [9] | ||||
2000 [35] | Kamondi et al | CR | Hungary | F/36 | Somnolence, hemiparesis, supranuclear hypoglossal paresis | Meningoencephalitis | – |
1999 [12] | Yokoyama et al | CR | Japan | M/68 | – | AION | – |
1995 [23] | Osaki et al | CR | Japan | M/57 | Truncal ataxia | Contrast enhancement of both the uveas and the cerebellar vermis | – |
1995 [39] | Ryan et al | CR | U.S.A | F/59 | Several episodes of weakness and numbness of left or right-sided | Transient ischemic attacks, bilateral carotid stenosis | – |
1992 [21] | Ikeda et al | CR | Japan | F/40 | Unconsciousness, meningeal stiffness, facial muscles weakness | Inflammatory lesions of pons, cerebellum, temporoparietooccipital regions, caudate nucleus, and putamen | – |
1989 [41] | Hiraki et al | CR | Japan | M/32 | Gait disturbance, limb and truncal ataxia | – | – |
M/22 | VIIth, VIIIth, IXth, and Xth cranial nerve palsies | – | – | ||||
1989 [36] | Nitta et al | CR | Japan | M/45 | Vertigo, vomiting, positional nystagmus, diplopia, Horner’s syndrome on the right side, right facial palsy, palsy of the soft palate on the right side | Cerebellar infarction | – |
1981 [14] | Lubin et al | CR | U.S.A | F/22 | Paraparesis, alteration at all modes of the sensitivity of the lower limbs | Myelitis | – |
M/21 | Ataxic gait, positive Romberg’s test, urinary disorders (urinary retention) | Myelitis | – |