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Fig. 1 | BMC Neurology

Fig. 1

From: Gut- and oral-dysbiosis differentially impact spinal- and bulbar-onset ALS, predicting ALS severity and potentially determining the location of disease onset

Fig. 1

Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of the Cohort. A Pattern of motor involvement in two clinically-distinct ALS subtypes. In spinal-onset ALS, the muscle weakness starts in limbs but radiates to other body regions including head and neck. In bulbar-onset ALS, the muscle weakness starts in head and neck but radiates to other body regions including limbs. B Demographic and clinical characteristics of healthy controls, spinal-onset ALS patients, and bulbar-onset ALS patients. aBulbar/Respiratory involvement was defined as a score ≤ 20 on bulbar and respiratory items of the ALSFRS-R [7]. Abbreviation: ALSFRS-R; Revised ALS Functional Rating Scale, BMI; Body Mass Index. Statistics: For comparisons of age, BMI, months from diagnosis to first collection, and ALSFRS-R score, Kruskal–Wallis test with Dunn’s post-hoc multiple comparisons test was utilized to compute P values. For comparisons of sex and bulbar/respiratory involvement, Fisher’s exact test was utilized to compute P values

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BMC Neurology

ISSN: 1471-2377

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