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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the enrolled participants based on their GGT quartiles

From: Gamma-glutamyl transferase levels are associated with the occurrence of post-stroke cognitive impairment: a multicenter cohort study

Characteristic

Total

GGT level

P-value

Q1(< 17.00)

Q2(17.00-24.00)

Q3(24.00-37.00)

Q4(≥37.00)

N, (%)

1957

480

455

518

504

 

Age, year, median (IQR)

62.00(53.00-69.00)

64.00(58.00-72.00)

63.00(55.00-70.00)

61.00(53.00-68.00)

57.50(52.00-65.00)

< 0.001

Male, n (%)

1419(72.51)

269(56.04)

322(70.77)

393(75.87)

435(86.31)

< 0.001

Education level, n (%)

     

< 0.001

 College or above

198(10.12)

34(7.08)

40(8.79)

63(12.16)

61(12.10)

 

 High school

453(23.15)

82(17.08)

111(24.40)

139(26.83)

121(24.01)

 

 Middle school

715(36.54)

179(37.29)

172(37.80)

169(32.63)

195(38.69)

 

 Elementary or below

509(26.01)

166(34.58)

115(25.27)

128(24.71)

100(19.84)

 

 Not known

82(4.19)

19(3.96)

17(3.74)

19(3.67)

27(5.36)

 

BMI, kg/m2, median (IQR)

24.82(23.03-26.85)

24.50(22.29-26.40)

24.57(22.86-26.67)

24.91(23.44-27.06)

25.25(23.53-27.33)

0.003

MoCA scores at admission, median (IQR)

23.00(18.00-26.00)

21.00(16.00-25.00)

23.00(1.008-26.00)

23.00(19.00-26.00)

23.00(19.00-26.00)

< 0.001

Stroke type / Subtype

     

0.21

 AIS

1804(92.18)

435(90.63)

423(92.27)

473(91.31)

473(93.85)

 

 TIA

153(7.82)

45(9.38)

32(7.03)

45(8.69)

31(6.15)

 

Current smoking, n (%)

691(35.31)

132(27.50)

137(30.11)

195(37.64)

227(45.04)

< 0.001

Current drinking, n (%)

357(18.24)

37(7.71)

71(15.60)

95(18.34)

154(30.56)

< 0.001

Medical history, n (%)

 Stroke or TIA

426(21.77)

99(20.63)

110(24.18)

119(22.97)

98(19.44)

0.27

 Hypertension

1240(63.36)

291(60.63)

280(61.54)

349(67.37)

320(63.49)

0.12

 Diabetes mellitus

447(22.84)

86(17.92)

116(25.49)

135(26.06)

110(21.83)

0.01

 Dyslipidemia

202(10.32)

41(8.54)

38(8.35)

61(11.78)

62(12.30)

0.08

 Cardiovascular disease

254(12.98)

70(14.58)

58(12.75)

67(12.93)

59(11.71)

0.61

 Fatty liver disease

11(0.56)

3(0.63)

1(0.22)

2(0.39)

5(0.99)

0.42

 Epilepsy

6(0.31)

2(0.42)

0(0.00)

0(0.00)

4(0.79)

0.05

 Cancer

12(0.61)

3(0.63)

0(0.00)

5(0.97)

4(0.79)

0.19

NIHSS on admission, median (IQR)

3.00(1.00-4.00)

3.00(1.00-5.00)

3.00(1.00-4.00)

2.00(1.00-4.00)

2.00(1.00-5.00)

0.68

mRS at admission, median (IQR)

1.00(1.00-2.00)

1.00(1.00-2.00)

1.00(1.00-2.00)

1.00(1.00-2.00)

1.00(1.00-2.00)

0.96

MoCA scores at 3 months, median (IQR)

25.00(21.00-27.00)

23.00(19.00-27.00)

24.00 (21.00-27)

25.00(22.00-28.00)

25.00(22.00-28.00)

< 0.001

Medication use, n (%)

 Antiplatelet aggregation therapy

1913(97.75)

471(98.13)

445(97.80)

508(98.07)

489(97.02)

0.63

 Antihypertensive therapy

1240(63.36)

294(61.25)

286(62.86)

323(62.36)

337(66.87)

0.28

 Lipid-lowering therapy

1903(97.24)

467(97.29)

438(96.26)

508(98.07)

490(97.22)

0.40

 Hypoglycemic therapy

530(27.08)

94(19.58)

135(29.67)

160(30.89)

141(27.98)

0.002

 Antidepressant

51(2.61)

18(3.75)

16(3.52)

12(2.32)

5(0.99)

0.03

 Sedative-hypnotic

67(3.42)

18(3.75)

24(5.27)

11(2.12)

14(2.78)

0.04

TOAST types, n (%)

     

0.003

 Large-artery atherosclerosis

461(23.56)

112(23.33)

103(22.64)

147(28.38)

99(19.64)

 

 Cardioembolism

104(5.31)

28(5.83)

19(4.18)

25(4.83)

32(6.35)

 

 Small-vessel occlusion

491(25.09)

126(26.25)

124(27.25)

115(22.20)

126(25.00)

 

 Other determined etiology

22(1.12)

12(2.50)

3(0.66)

6(1.16)

1(0.20)

 

 Undetermined cause

879(44.92)

202(42.08)

206(45.27)

225(43.44)

246(48.81)

 

Anxiety state

     

0.62

 None

1593(81.65)

387(80.96)

363(79.96)

432(83.72)

411(81.71)

 

 Mild

239(12.25)

67(14.02)

62(13.66)

54(10.47)

56(11.13)

 

 Moderate

63(3.23)

14(2.93)

15(3.30)

17(3.29)

17(3.38)

 

 Severe

56(2.87)

10(2.09)

14(3.08)

13(2.52)

19(3.78)

 
  1. Variables are expressed as median (s) or percentages. Q1, quartile 1 (n - 480): <17 U/L; Q2, quartile 2 (n - 455): 17-24 U/L; Q3, quartile 3 (n - 518): 24-37 U/L; Q4, quartile 4 (n - 504): ≥ 37 U/L. Cardiovascular diseases included atrial fibrillation, coronary heart disease, and heart failure. Medication use included drug use history and treatment during hospitalization. BMI Body mass index, AIS acute ischemic stroke, TIA transient ischemic attack, NIHSS the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, mRS the modified Rankin Scale, TOAST the Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment, LDL low-density lipoprotein, HDL high-density lipoprotein, TG triglycerides, TC total cholesterol, ALT alanine aminotransferase, AST aspartate aminotransferase, eGFR effective glomerular filtration rate, UA uric acid, IQR interquartile range
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BMC Neurology

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