Table 1 Summary of the studies included in the quantitative meta-analysis in alphabetical order. In Bold, tests that were significatively different between FRDA patients and healthy controls. MMSE: mini-mental state examination; MOCA: MOntreal Cognitive Assessment; SMDT: Symbol Digit Modality Test; HSCT: Hayling sentence completion task; TMT: trail making test; TMTR: Reitan version of the TMT [41]; StroopG: Golden version of the Stroop test [44]; DS: digital span; DSF: DS forward; DSB: DS backward; WAIS: Wechsler adult intelligence scale. III third version, R revised; RCPM Raven Colored Progressive Matrice. SPART 10/36 Spatial recall test. RAVLT, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test. SLD segment length discrimination task. Hayling sentence completion test HSCT. California verbal learning test, CVLT. PASAT, Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test. Wisconsin card sorting test WCST; C: test corrected by patients’ PATA rate test and nine hole pegboard test score using the methods described in Sacca et al. [35]
From: The cognitive profile of Friedreich ataxia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Patients/Controls | General | Verbal fluencies | Language | Attention/Executive | Attention and working memory | Memory and learning | Visuo-spatial | Emotion | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Akhlagi [45] | 12/14 | Simon Task | |||||||
Cocozza [33] | 24/24 | MOCA SDMT C | Phonemic C Semantic C Naming nouns Pointing names | TMT C,R Stroop G Attentive matrices test | DS | SPART RAVLT | RCPM SLD Mental rotation | ||
Cocozza [36] | 19/20 | SDMT C | TMT C,R | SPART | SLD | ||||
Corben [20] | 15/15 | MMSE | TMTR StroopG | ||||||
Corben [42] | 10/10 | TMT R StroopG | |||||||
Corben [43] | 13/14 | Simon TMT R Stroop G | |||||||
Corben [39] | 43/42 | HSCT | TMT R StroopG | ||||||
Costabile [22] | 20/20 | MOCA | Phonemic C Semantic C | Stroop test time interference index TMT R,C | DSFWAIS-III | SPART RAVLT | Genova emotion recognition test | ||
De nobrega [16] | 20/20 | MMSE | Phonemic Semantic Action verbal | ||||||
Dogan [34] | 22/22 | MOCA | Phonemic 120 Semantic 120 | Multiple choice vocabulary test | StroopG | DSF/DSB PASAT | CVLT | Faux pas test | |
Georgiou [66] | 13/14 | Simon | |||||||
Klopper [46] | 10/10 | Every day attention test | |||||||
Mantovan [37] | 13/13 | IQWAIS-R | Verbal fluencies | Boston naming test | TMT R Stroop Attentive matrices test Tower of London | DSF/DSB WAIS-R | |||
Nachbauer [14] | 29/28 | Verbal IQ | Phonemic Semantic | Tower of London Stroop | DSF/DSBWAIS-R | Verbal learning and retention memory test | Incomplete letters Position discrimination | ||
Nieto [18] | 26/31 | MMSE | Phonemic Semantic Action verbal | WCST | DSF/DSBWAIS-III | CVLT SPART Logical memory test | Judgement line orientation test Block design | Facial recognition test | |
Sacca [35] | 24/61 | SDMT | Phonemic Semantic | Attentional Matrices TMT R | |||||
Shishegar [40] | 21/28 | HSCT | TMT C,R Stroop G | DSF/DSB WAIS-III | |||||
Vavla [67] | 21/18 | IQ WAIS |