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Table 2 Cognitive dual task (CDT) walking performance after different tDCS interventions (n = 48)

From: Comparing different montages of transcranial direct current stimulation on dual-task walking and cortical activity in chronic stroke: double-blinded randomized controlled trial

Group

Anodal group (n = 12)

Bilateral group (n = 12)

Cathodal group (n = 12)

Sham group (n = 12)

 
 

pre

post

pre

post

pre

post

pre

post

p value*

Speed(cm/sec)

43.3 (34.5, 77.5)

52.4 (37.8, 78.5)

55.2 (33.9, 61.3)

64.4 (39.7, 70.9)#

45.6 (29.2, 55.7)

51.3 (41.8, 64.5)#

39.5 (26.2, 57.2)

39.6 (28.8, 57.9)

 

change

3.7 (0.5, 6.2)

8.3 (3.2, 11.3)s

6.7 (4.7, 12.6)s

1.0 (0.2, 4.0)

0.033

Cadence(step/min)

82.9(63.1, 105.5)

82.6 (67.0, 100.7)

78.3 (60.7, 88.1)

84.0 (62.7, 95.8)#

68.9 (55.0, 81.0)

78.3 (72.0, 88.2)

77.2 (61.5, 87.5)

79.5 (66.0, 88.5)

 

change

0.7(-4.7, 3.3)

6.4 (2.8, 10.0)

5.9(-0.9, 19.4)

1.9 (0.9, 4.2)

NS

Step time (UA)(sec)

0.7 (0.5, 0.8)

0.6 (0.5, 0.7)

0.6 (0.6, 0.8)

0.6 (0.6, 0.7)

0.7 (0.6, 0.8)

0.7 (0.6,0.7)

0.7 (0.6, 0.8)

0.7 (0.6, 0.8)

 

change

0.0 (0.0, 01)

0.0 (-0.1, 0.0)

0.0 (-0.1, 0.0)

0.0 (-0.1, 0.0)

NS

Step time(A)(sec)

0.8 (0.6, 1.1)

0.8 (0.6, 1.1)

0.9 (0.8, 1.3)

0.8 (0.7, 1.1)

1.0 (0.8, 1.2)

0.9 (0.8, 1.0)

0.9 (0.7, 1.0)

0.8 (0.9, 0.7)

 

change

0.0 (-0.1, 0.1)

-0.1 (-0.1,0.0)

-0.1(-0.3, 0.0)

-0.1 (-0.1, 0.0)

NS

Step length (UA)(cm)

34.5 (22.1, 46.0)

35.9 (22.9, 46.7)

33.8 (31.3, 41.2)

38.7 (35.2, 41.9)#

38.3 (29.2, 46.1)

41.8 (29.9, 49.8)#

31.9 (22.5, 37.7)

31.9 (21.6, 36.0)

 

change

2.3 (0.4, 4.9)

1.9 (1.3, 4.9)

3.0 (0.6, 4.4)

-0.6 (-2.7, 1.2)

NS

Step length(A)(cm)

40.0 (27.0, 48.2)

40.9 (28.3, 51.5)

43.9 (37.6, 48.9)

45.3 (41.0, 55.4)

38.5 (30.7, 44.6)

41.2 (34.1, 46.5)

33.6 (22.7, 44.6)

34.2 (22.5, 37.5)

 

change

1.5 (0.0, 4.3)

2.9 (1.5, 5.8)

3.5(2.2, 6.6)

0.6 (-1.4, 3.6)

NS

ST(UA) variability (%)

10.1 (3.9, 20.4)

7.1 (4.2, 23.8)

8.62 (5.5, 39.1)

6.2 (3.2, 11.9)

8.5 (6.0, 12.4)

7.1 (4.5, 10.8)

6.6 (3.4, 8.9)

6.7 (4.9, 11.0)

 

change

1.0 (-5.9, 5.4)

-2.8(-21.1, -1.0)

-1.6 (-4.9, 4.2)

0.9 (-1.1, 3.7)

NS

ST(A) variability (%)

6.3 (4.0, 9.7)

5.6 (3.1, 12.3)

8.2 (6.1, 23.0)

5.7 (3.9, 13.3)

6.1 (4.8, 18.1)

6.6 (4.0, 11.9)

6.2 (2.7, 12.0)

4.9 (4.2, 7.8)

 

change

-1.7 (-3.2, 2.6)

-3.4(-8.7, -0.6)

-0.5 (-9.3, 2.0)

-0.3 (-3.5, 3.7)

NS

SL(UA) variability (%)

8.4 (2.9, 15.7)

5.8 (3.2, 13.4)

7.9 (4.7, 12.3)

4.9 (4.4, 12.2)

8.3 (4.8, 14.4)

6.5 (4.6, 9.4)

7.3 (5.4, 12.3)

8.5 (5.4, 11.2)

 

change

1.1 (-4.6, 5.2)

-1.8 (-3.2, 2.9)

-2.1 (-6.0, 0.8)

0.6 (-1.5, 3.6)

NS

SL(A) variability (%)

7.1 (4.6, 13.0)

6.5 (4.0, 9.0)

7.6 (5.0, 13.6)

4.7 (3.3, 9.5)

6.6 (5.3, 8.2)

8.0 (4.6, 9.4)

8.4 (5.1, 26.8)

6.1 (4.3, 11.0)

 

change

-0.7 (-6.8, 1.3)

-2.8 (-5.8, 1.1)

-0.2 (-2.2, 2.9)

-3.5 (-10.6, 1.0)

NS

DTC (%)

-22.3(-34.2, -7.0)

-8.0 (-24.2, -4.3)

-16.6(-51.6, -7.4)

-24.8(-40.7, -10.9)

-15.0(-41.8, -5.2)

-15.9 (-26.6, -9.4)

-19.5(-32.3,-9.1)

-21.8(-29.4, -8.4)

 

change

10.2 (-3.0, 18.8)

0.9 (-10.2, 11.9)

-0.1 (-5.4, 19.0)

2.5 (-3.5, 13.0)

NS

  1. Data are presented as the median (interquartile range)
  2. Abbreviations: UA, unaffected side; A, affected side; ST, step time; SL, step length; DTC, dual task cost. NS, Not significant (P > 0.05)
  3. *P value based on Kruskal–Wallis one-way analysis of variance by ranks with Bonferroni correction
  4. #, p < 0.05 for intragroup comparison. a, p < .05 as compared with Anodal group. s, p < .05 as compared with Sham group
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BMC Neurology

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