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Table 4 Single walking (SW) performance after different tDCS interventions (n = 48)

From: Comparing different montages of transcranial direct current stimulation on dual-task walking and cortical activity in chronic stroke: double-blinded randomized controlled trial

Group

Anodal group (n = 12)

Bilateral group (n = 12)

Cathodal group (n = 12)

Sham group (n = 12)

 
 

pre

post

pre

post

pre

post

pre

post

p value*

Speed(cm/sec)

64.23 (50.6, 84.8)

62.7 (48.8, 80.6)

62.4 (52.2, 71.0)

68.8 (64.2, 75.4)#

63.8 (52.8, 70.8)

65.4 (57.8, 79.3)

51.6 (41.4, 71.4)

51.8 (42.3, 70.3)

 

change

-0.2 (-3.1, 1.9)

5.1 (2.5, 13.0)a,s

7.2 (-1.2, 11.6)

0.4 (-2.2, 1.8)

0.030

Cadence(step/min)

95.9 (74.8, 106.0)

96.6(78.1, 102.4)

85.7 (80.1, 91.3)

92.0 (87.5, 96.9)#

87.5 (74.5, 97.0)

92.5 (81.8,100.6)#

87.5 (77.2, 100.5)

85.1 (78.1, 98.6)

 

change

-0.1 (-2.6, 4.0)

6.7 (3.8, 10.1)s

5.2 (1.1, 9.5)

-0.4 (-2.3, 1.0)

0.030

Step time (UA)(sec)

0.6 (0.5, 0.7)

0.6 (0.5, 0.7)

0.6 (0.5, 0.7)

0.5 (0.5, 0.6) #

0.6 (0.6, 0.7)

0.6 (0.5, 0.6)

0.6 (0.5, 0.7)

0.6 (0.5, 0.6)

 

change

0.0 (0.0, 0.1)

-0.1 (-0.2, 0.0)

0.0 (-0.1, 0.0)

0.0 (0.0, 0.0)

NS

Step time(A)(sec)

0.7 (0.6, 1.0)

0.7 (0.6, 0.9)

0.8 (0.8, 0.9)

0.8 (0.7, 0.9)#

0.8 (0.7, 1.0)

0.7 (0.7, 0.9)#

0.8 (0.7, 0.9)

0.8 (0.7, 0.9)

 

change

0.0 (-0.1, 0.0)

0.0 (-0.1, 0.0)

-0.1 (-0.1, 0.0)

0.0 (0.0, 0.0)

NS

Step length (UA)(cm)

40.8 (35.6, 45.5)

41.4 (34.6, 47.1)

41.6 (35.2, 44.7)

40.4 (36.7, 44.8)

43.1 (30.6, 45.6)

43.1 (34.4, 48.7)

30.4 (27.7, 37.8)

34.2 (27.1, 36.1)

 

change

2.2 (-2.8, 4.5)

1.1 (-0.4, 2.2)

0.7 (-1.8, 3.5)

0.4 (-1.3, 3.0)

NS

Step length(A)(cm)

48.2 (33.9, 57.6)

41.1 (31.2, 51.6)

46.3 (36.8, 53.3)

54.2 (44.4, 57.7)

44.9 (39.1, 47.0)

46.1 (44.2, 49.3)

37.6 (33.0, 46.7)

38.3 (34.0, 47.2)

 

change

-1.5 (-5.3, -1.0)

2.0 (-0.8, 7.2)

2.0 (0.1, 5.1)

0.3 (-0.5, 1.7)

NS

ST (UA) variability (%)

7.3 (2.9, 11.0)

7.1 (3.7, 12.6)

4.3 (2.8, 7.2)

4.8 (2.8, 5.8)

5.6 (3.4, 7.4)

5.0 (3.8, 6.5)

4.8 (4.6, 7.1)

6.2 (3.4, 8.3)

 

change

0.0 (-4.5, 5.8)

1.1 (-0.2, 2.5)

0.1 (-2.1, 1.6)

1.0 (-0.7, 1.8)

NS

ST(A) variability (%)

4.0 (2.1, 6.1)

6.0 (3.9, 6.4)

4.9 (3.4, 8.1)

6.0 (4.2, 11.4)

7.0 (3.0, 10.6)

5.0 (3.2, 6.1)

4.4 (3.4, 6.7)

4.3 (3.4, 5.3)

 

change

2.2 (-0.7, 5.2)

0.6 (-1.0, 4.4)

-2.6 (-5.7, 1.2)

-1.3 (-3.7, 1.8)

NS

SL (UA) variability (%)

5.5 (4.2, 13.4)

8.8 (4.1, 14.8)

5.0 (3.6, 7.7)

6.4 (4.3, 8.5)

4.2 (1.9, 7.9)

6.4 (5.2, 7.8)

7.6 (3.8, 11.7)

9.3 (6.5, 12.6)

 

change

2.7 (-1.9, 5.3)

1.6 (-0.8, 2.2)

1.9 (-0.8, 4.4)

1.7 (-1.6, 2.3)

NS

SL(A) variability (%)

4.4 (2.2, 6.9)

6.3 (5.0, 7.5)

4.3 (1.7, 6.5)

3.8 (2.2, 6.8)

4.6 (1.8, 9.1)

4.6 (2.2, 7.9)

4.9 (4.4, 8.1)

5.7 (2.3, 6.6)

 

change

1.1 (-0.7, 4.2)

0.6 (-1.7, 1.7)

0.4 (-2.6, 2.7)

0.5 (-2.9, 2.4)

NS

  1. Data are presented as the median (interquartile range)
  2. Abbreviations: UA, unaffected side; A, affected side; ST, step time; SL, step length. NS, Not significant (P > 0.05)
  3. *P value based on Kruskal–Wallis one-way analysis of variance by ranks with Bonferroni correction
  4. #, p < 0.05 for intragroup comparison
  5. a, p < .05 as compared with Anodal group. s, p < .05 as compared with Sham group