Table 2 Mean (SD) of groups (experimental and control), mean (SD) difference within groups, and mean (95% CI) difference between groups for all outcomes
Outcome | Groups | Difference within groups | Difference between groups | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month 0 | Month 12 | Month 12 minus Month 0 | Month 12 minus Month 0 | ||||
Exp (n = 69) | Con (n = 71) | Exp (n = 65) | Con (n = 68) | Exp | Con | Exp minus Con | |
Goal attainment GAS (T-score) | N/A | N/A | 41 (14) | 41 (13) | N/A | N/A | 0 (-5 to 5) |
Upper limb activity BBT (blocks/s) | 0.03 (0.09) | 0.04 (0.09) | 0.04 (0.12) n = 64 | 0.04 (0.10) n = 66 | 0.01 (0.05) | 0.01 (0.06) | 0.01 (-0.01 to 0.03) |
Spasticity Tardieu Scale (0–4) | 2.0 (0.8) | 1.9 (0.8) | 1.6 (0.7) n = 23 | 1.4 (0.7) n = 22 | -0.5 (0.8) | -0.4 (0.9) | -0.1 (-0.6 to 0.4) |
Wrist extension ROM (deg) | 35 (40) n = 68 | 38 (31) | 25 (40) n = 61 | 28 (33) n = 64 | -11 (28) | -10 (29) | -1 (-11 to 9) |
Grip strength MVC dynamometry (kg) | 3.6 (4.3) | 4.7 (5.9) | 3.8 (4.9) n = 64 | 4.1 (4.8) n = 66 | 0.2 (3.0) | -0.1 (4.5) | 0.3 (-1.1 to 1.6) |
Pain 10-cm VAS (0–10) | 1.9 (2.7) | 1.9 (2.6) | 1.1 (21) | 1.1 (1.9) | -0.6 (2.5) | -0.9 (2.4) | 0.3 (-0.6 to 1.2) |
Burden of care CBS (0–16) | 6.7 (4.3) | 6.5 (3.3) | 4.8 (4.0) | 4.1 (3.8) | -2.0 (5.4) | -2.5 (4.4) | 0.4 (-1.2 to 2.1) |
Quality of life, EQ-5D | |||||||
Overall health (0 to 100) | 65 (21) | 62 (20) | 67 (23) | 64 (24) | 3 (24) | 3 (18) | -1 (-8 to 7) |