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Table 4 FOG effect detected by multiple sensors

From: Recognition of freezing of gait in Parkinson’s disease based on combined wearable sensors

Sensor Position

Sensitivity (Recall)

Specificity

Accuracy

precision

F-score

Left thigh

76.02%

90.46%

89.20%

43.24%

55.13%

Left shank

76.73%

90.74%

89.52%

44.15%

56.05%

Waist

73.86%

91.89%

90.32%

46.49%

57.06%

Left foot

72.68%

89.58%

88.11%

39.92%

51.53%

Waist + left thigh

78.90%

91.32%

90.24%

46.40%

58.44%

Waist + left shank

78.17%

92.29%

91.06%

49.17%

60.37%

Left thigh + left shank

77.71%

90.88%

89.73%

44.91%

56.92%

Left foot + left thigh

77.12%

90.93%

89.73%

44.73%

56.62%

Sole pressure + left thigh

76.65%

90.04%

88.87%

42.42%

54.61%

Sole pressure + left shank

75.71%

90.48%

89.19%

43.22%

55.03%

Left foot + left shank

75.49%

91.40%

90.01%

45.66%

56.90%

  1. According to the results, (1) in terms of sensor combination at the same part, the best result is obtained at the thigh and shank sensor; (2) in terms of sensor combination at different parts, sensor combination of waist + thigh and waist + shank demonstrate the best effect, revealing the potential of the waist sensor. (3) All precisions and f-scores of a part of low limbs and ipsilateral sensors are low. The reason is that optimal performance may not be obtained with a type of signal and ipsilateral sensors, and imbalanced samples can lead to biased predictions