Homocysteine is related to enlarged perivascular spaces in the brainstem in patients with isolated pontine infarction

Table 4 The association between serum tHcy and BG-/brainstem-EPVS

serum tHcy (μmol/L)	BG-EPVS		adjusted OR (95% CI) ^a	P value	brainstem-EPVS		adjusted OR (95% CI) ^b	P value
serum tHcy (μmol/L)	mild	moderate to severe	adjusted OR (95% CI) ^a	P value	none	visible	adjusted OR (95% CI) ^b	P value
Quartile 1 (≤9.49)	43 (75.4%)	14 (24.6%)	1.000 (reference)	—	43 (75.4%)	14 (24.6%)	1.000 (reference)	—
Quartile 2 (9.50-12.46)	41 (71.9%)	16 (28.1%)	1.123 (0.453-2.785)	0.803	47 (82.5%)	10 (17.5%)	0.520 (0.196-1.380)	0.189
Quartile 3 (12.47-17.40)	29 (50.9%)	28 (49.1%)	3.485 (1.447-8.395)	0.005*	32 (56.1%)	25 (43.9%)	2.369 (1.005-5.583)	0.049*
Quartile 4 (≥17.41)	22 (39.3%)	34 (60.7%)	5.437 (2.188-13.511)	<0.001*	14 (25.0%)	42 (75.0%)	8.949 (3.544-22.592)	<0.001*
P for trend				<0.001*				<0.001*

Abbreviations: tHcy total homocysteine, EPVS enlarged perivascular spaces, BG the basal ganglia, OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval
^a Adjusted for age, total cholesterol, triglyceride, ischemic stroke or TIA history, CCrE, and WMH grade
^b Adjusted for ischemic stroke or TIA history, CCrE, uric acid, WMH grade, and lacunes of presumed vascular origin
Data presented as n (%)
* P < 0.05

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