Table 2 Patients’ baseline characteristics
ICAD | VAD | Total | P-value† | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (mean ± SD) | 42.8 ± 14 | 40.3 ± 10.3 | 41.8 ± 12.6 | 0.416 |
Gender [female] | 13(46.4) | 6(31.6) | 19(40.4) | 0.309 |
Baseline mRS (mean ± SD) | 2.3 ± 1.3 | 2.7 ± 1.2 | 2.5 ± 1.2 | 0.623 |
mRS at 1 year-follow up (mean ± SD) | 2.0 ± 1.2 | 1.8 ± 1.3 | 1.9 ± 1.2 | 0.673 |
Affected side [Right] | 13(46.4) | 26(55.3) | 26(55.3) | 0.137 |
Headache at presentation | 17(60.7) | 16(84.2) | 33(70.2) | 0.084 |
Neck pain at presentation | 10(35.7) | 10(52.6) | 20(42.6) | 0.250 |
Hemiparesis at presentation | 4(21.0) | 18(64.2) | 22 (46.8) | 0.101 |
Progression of symptoms | 3(10.7) | 6(31.6) | 9(19.1) | 0.129 |
Addiction [heroin, methadone, and opium] | 4(14.3) | 5(26.3) | 9(19.1) | 0.453 |
Type of the addiction | ||||
Heroine | 1(3.6) | 0(0.0) | 1(2.1) | 0.643 |
Methadone | 0(0.0) | 1(5.3) | 1(2.1) | |
Opium | 2(7.1) | 4(21.1) | 6(12.8) | |
Alcohol | 2(7.1) | 1(5.3) | 3(6.4) | 1.000 |
Smoking | 5(17.9) | 5(26.3) | 10(21.3) | 0.496 |
OCP use | 1(7.7) | 0(0.0) | 1(5.3) | 1.000 |
Infection | 3(10.7) | 1(5.3) | 4(8.5) | 0.638 |
Intercourse | 0(0.0) | 0(0.0) | 0(0.0) | - |
Exercise | 2(7.1) | 1(5.3) | 3(6.4) | 1.000 |
Cough | 3(10.7) | 1(5.3) | 4(8.5) | 0.638 |
Delivery | 0(0.0) | 0(0.0) | 0(0.0) | - |
Previous Headache/ Migraine | 6(21.4) | 4(21.1) | 10(21.3) | 1.000 |
Hypertension | 4(14.2) | 2(10.5) | 6(12.7) | 0.705 |
Diabetes | 1(3.5) | 2(10.5) | 3(6.3) | 0.338 |
Trauma | 8(28.6) | 5(26.3) | 13(27.7) | 0.865 |
Type of the trauma | ||||
Minor | 3(37.5) | 1(20.0) | 4(30.8) | 1.000 |
Major | 5(62.5) | 4(80.0) | 9(69.2) | |
Vasculitis result | ||||
Negative | 11(84.6) | 9(100.0) | 20(90.9) | 0.494 |
Positive | 2(15.4) | 0(0) | 2(9.1) | |
Homocysteine result | ||||
Negative | 10(76.9) | 9(100.0) | 19(86.4) | 0.240 |
Positive | 3(23.1) | 0(0.0) | 3(13.6) | |
Medication | ||||
Double anti platelet | 21(75.0) | 16(84.2) | 37(78.7) | 0.718 |
Anti-coagulant | 7(25.0) | 3(15.8) | 10(21.3) | |
New headaches after dissection | 8(28.6) | 8(42.1) | 16(34.0) | 0.337 |
Change in the pattern of headaches | 3(50.0) | 2(50.0) | 5(50.0) | 1.000 |
Vascular findings | ||||
Significant stenosis | 3(17.6) | 2(16.7) | 5(17.2) | 0.808 |
Mobile clot | 2(11.8) | 0(0.0) | 2(6.9) | |
Total occlusion | 12(70.6) | 10(83.3) | 22(75.9) | |
Imaging findings | ||||
Cerebellar infarct | 0(0.0) | 8(42.1) | 8(17.0) | < 0.001 |
Brain stem | 0(0.0) | 9(47.4) | 9(19.1) | |
Hemispheric | 25(89.3) | 1(5.3) | 26(55.3) | |
Bilateral | 2(7.1) | 1(5.3) | 3(6.4) | |
No infarct | 1(3.6) | 0(0.0) | 1(2.1) | |