Table 5 Multivariate analysis for the association of HOMA-β and specific cognitive domains

Visuospatial/Executive functions

Ref.

0.78 (0.51–1.18)

0.233

1.38 (0.91–2.10)

0.131

1.21 (0.79–1.84)

0.382

Naming

Ref.

0.96 (0.56–1.66)

0.895

1.03 (0.59–1.77)

0.927

0.97 (0.55–1.68)

0.901

Attention

Ref.

1.04 (0.67–1.61)

0.870

1.23 (0.79–1.92)

0.351

1.27 (0.81–1.97)

0.296

Language

Ref.

0.96 (0.59–1.58)

0.886

1.70 (1.05–2.75)

0.030*

1.64 (1.01–2.65)

0.045*

Abstraction

Ref.

1.40 (0.90–2.16)

0.136

1.67 (1.07–2.59)

0.024*

2.29 (1.46–3.58)

< 0.001*

Memory

Ref.

1.36 (0.90–2.05)

0.141

1.25 (0.83–1.89)

0.291

1.39 (0.91–2.11)

0.126

Orientation

Ref.

1.33 (0.62–2.86)

0.458

0.95 (0.42–2.17)

0.904

1.12 (0.51–2.44)

0.779