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Table 2 Estimated marginal means and post-hoc analysis for NeuroCog FX subtest-, domain-, performance- and Total scores for all timepoints from the linear mixed model

From: Perioperative levetiracetam for seizure prophylaxis in seizure-naive brain tumor patients with focus on neurocognitive functioning

 

Baseline (n = 43)

Pre-Op (n = 39)

Post-Op (n = 32)

Follow-Up (n = 27)

   
 

M1, SE

M2, SE

M3, SE

M4, SE

BIC

p

Post-hoc a

Digit Span

87.72 (2.25)

92.94 (2.26)

95.10 (1.74)

96.60 (1.68)

1101

.005

1 < 3,4;

TwoBack-Test

91.55 (2.77)

95.43 (3.17)

98.89 (3.17)

108.71 (3.42)

1192

.001

1,2 < 4

Simple Reaction

89.30 (1.95)

88.74 (2.06)

90.31 (1.91)

90.99 (2.14)

1055

.641

-

GoNoGo

90.95 (2.03)

94.29 (1.87)

95.91 (2.38)

97.03 (2.07)

1100

.087

-

Inv GoNoGo

90.72 (1.95)

91.43 (1.92)

93.40 (2.09)

95.20 (2.19)

1099

.297

-

Verbal Memory

86.35 (2.08)

83.76 (1.81)

82.10 (1.86)

85.02 (2.75)

1090

.232

 

Figural Memory

90.88 (2.08)

89.05 (1.60)

91.20 (2.08)

94.81 (2.05)

1064

.030

2 < 4

Phonematic Fluency

84.72 (2.37)

83.63 (2.58)

86.31 (2.51)

89.10 (3.00)

1165

.298

-

Psychomotor Speed

90.63 (1.72)

91.57 (1.70)

93.23 (1.89)

94.44 (1.74)

1028

.253

-

Working Memory

89.82 (1.91)

93.73 (2.35)

96.94 (2.09)

102.05 (2.20)

1078

 < .001

1 < 3,4; 2 < 4

Memory

88.62 (1.72)

86.39 (1.43)

86.98 (1.74)

90.02 (1.82)

1026

.109

-

Language

84.72 (2.37)

83.63 (2.58)

86.31 (2.51)

89.10 (3.00)

1165

.298

-

Speed

90.63 (1.72)

91.57 (1.70)

93.23 (1.89)

94.44 (1.74)

1028

.253

-

Quality

87.58 (1.55)

88.03 (1.50)

90.00 (1.47)

93.57 (1.64)

995

.002

1,2 < 4

Total

88.28 (1.46)

88.64 (1.43)

91.04 (1.27)

93.85 (1.53)

951

.004

1,2 < 4

  1. Abbreviations: M Mean, SE standard error, BIC Bayes Information Criteria; p p-value
  2. Neuropsychological assessment of cognitive functioning was measured at four timepoints (Fig. 1)
  3. aPost-hoc analysis (Bonferroni adjusted, six pairwise comparisons) shows significant differences between timepoints. Numbers 1 to 4 refer to respective timepoints: 1 = Baseline, 2 = Pre-Op, 3 = Post-Op, 4 = Follow-Up