Table 1 Baseline and biochemical characteristics by ALP quintiles (Q1-Q5) in patients with AIS with preserved renal function
Variables | Overall (n = 1922) | ALP Quintiles, U/L | P value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Q1 (n = 364) | Q2 (n = 383) | Q3 (n = 402) | Q4 (n = 387) | Q5 (n = 386) | |||
Age, years | 63.1 ± 12.0 | 63.5 ± 12.6 | 62.8 ± 12.1 | 63.0 ± 11.8 | 62.8 ± 12.5 | 63.4 ± 11.0 | 0.879 |
Sex, n (%) | 0.002 | ||||||
man | 1198(62.3) | 241(66.2) | 260(67.9) | 241(60) | 243(62.8) | 213(55.2) | |
women | 724(37.7) | 123(33.8) | 123(32.1) | 161(40) | 144(37.2) | 173(44.8) | |
Educational level, n (%) | 0.336 | ||||||
Elementary or below | 888(46.2) | 155(42.6) | 177(46.2) | 200(49.8) | 170(43.9) | 186(48.2) | |
Middle school | 386(20.1) | 75(20.6) | 85(22.2) | 66(16.4) | 81(20.9) | 79(20.5) | |
High school or above | 648(33.7) | 134(36.8) | 121(31.6) | 136(33.8) | 136(35.1) | 121(31.3) | |
Smoking, n (%) | 0.003 | ||||||
Never smoking | 1057(55.0) | 204(56) | 204(53.3) | 232(57.7) | 194(50.1) | 223(57.8) | |
Smoking cessation | 375(19.5) | 88(24.2) | 75(19.6) | 72(17.9) | 87(22.5) | 53(13.7) | |
Current smoking | 490(25.5) | 72(19.8) | 104(27.2) | 98(24.4) | 106(27.4) | 110(28.5) | |
Drinking, n (%) | 473(24.6) | 84(23.1) | 108(28.2) | 96(23.9) | 103(26.6) | 82(21.2) | 0.169 |
Prior stroke, n (%) | 504(26.2) | 102(28) | 103(26.9) | 110(27.4) | 95(24.5) | 94(24.4) | 0.694 |
NIHSS score on admission, n (%) | 3.0(1.0,5.0) | 3.0(1.0,5.0) | 3.0(1.0,5.0) | 3.0(1.0,5.0) | 4.0(1.0,5.0) | 4.0(1.0,6.0) | 0.059 |
Pneumonia during hospitalization, n (%) | 67(3.5) | 21(5.8) | 7(1.8) | 4(1) | 21(5.4) | 14(3.6) | 0.001 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 24.0 ± 3.5 | 24.1 ± 3.9 | 24.1 ± 3.7 | 24.0 ± 3.4 | 23.9 ± 3.0 | 23.8 ± 3.3 | 0.824 |
SBP on admission, mmHg | 144.7 ± 21.0 | 142.9 ± 20.2 | 143.5 ± 20.5 | 144.9 ± 20.3 | 146.0 ± 21.4 | 145.9 ± 22.5 | 0.158 |
DBP on admission, mmHg | 85.7 ± 12.2 | 85.2 ± 11.0 | 84.0 ± 12.4 | 86.1 ± 12.0 | 86.5 ± 12.4 | 86.5 ± 12.7 | 0.019 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 1313(68.3) | 247(67.9) | 244(63.7) | 281(69.9) | 274(70.8) | 267(69.2) | 0.24 |
Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 409(21.3) | 68(18.7) | 87(22.7) | 87(21.6) | 72(18.6) | 95(24.6) | 0.186 |
Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 106(5.5) | 20(5.5) | 24(6.3) | 16(4) | 22(5.7) | 24(6.2) | 0.623 |
Laboratory findings | |||||||
Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 4.4 ± 1.0 | 4.3 ± 1.0 | 4.4 ± 1.0 | 4.4 ± 1.1 | 4.4 ± 1.0 | 4.4 ± 1.0 | 0.252 |
Triglycerides, mmol/L | 1.7 ± 1.3 | 1.5 ± 1.1 | 1.7 ± 1.3 | 1.7 ± 1.4 | 1.8 ± 1.4 | 1.7 ± 1.2 | 0.177 |
HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 0.9 |
LDL-C, mmol/L | 2.6 ± 0.8 | 2.5 ± 0.8 | 2.6 ± 0.8 | 2.6 ± 0.9 | 2.6 ± 0.8 | 2.6 ± 0.9 | 0.356 |
Fasting blood glucose, mmol/L | 5.9 ± 2.3 | 5.5 ± 1.7 | 5.9 ± 2.3 | 5.8 ± 2.2 | 6.0 ± 2.5 | 6.2 ± 2.7 | 0.004 |
ALT, U/L | 19.0(14.0,28.0) | 17.2(13.0,26.0) | 18.0(14.0,26.0) | 19.0(14.0,29.0) | 21.0(14.3,30.0) | 21.0(15.1,29.8) | < 0.001 |
AST, U/L | 21.0(17.0,27.1) | 20.0(16.1,27.0) | 20.0(17.0,25.0) | 22.0(17.0,27.0) | 22.0(17.0,30.0) | 22.0(18.0,29.4) | < 0.001 |
ALP,U/L | 79.3 ± 27.8 | 48.3 ± 10.0 | 64.1 ± 3.0 | 75.4 ± 3.4 | 88.5 ± 4.4 | 118.3 ± 30.7 | < 0.001 |
Homocysteine, μmol/L | 21.6 ± 14.3 | 19.4 ± 12.7 | 21.5 ± 14.9 | 20.7 ± 13.3 | 23.1 ± 16.5 | 23.1 ± 13.9 | 0.015 |
Serum creatinine, mg/dL | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.038 |
eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 80.6 ± 10.6 | 81.2 ± 10.2 | 80.7 ± 11.0 | 80.8 ± 10.9 | 80.2 ± 10.5 | 80.1 ± 10.3 | 0.613 |
Blood Urea Nitrogen, mmol/L | 4.9 ± 1.6 | 4.9 ± 1.6 | 4.9 ± 1.5 | 4.8 ± 1.5 | 5.1 ± 1.8 | 4.9 ± 1.4 | 0.221 |
Uric Acid, μmol/L | 285.2 ± 91.1 | 280.6 ± 92.6 | 291.4 ± 92.7 | 285.0 ± 88.9 | 292.3 ± 94.2 | 276.7 ± 86.5 | 0.08 |
Leukocyte values, × 109/L | 6.9 ± 2.4 | 6.5 ± 2.2 | 6.7 ± 2.2 | 6.7 ± 2.2 | 7.1 ± 2.6 | 7.2 ± 2.5 | < 0.001 |