Table 2 Self-reported adherence to overall ReMoS guideline, guideline domains and guideline recommendations

Overall ReMoS guideline adherence

34.8

Achieving ability to walk in non-ambulant patients

18.9

  B

Intensive walking training; n = 168

13 (7.7)

31 (18.5)

83 (49.4)

41 (24.4)

73.8

  B

Intensive walking training using end-effector-based device; n = 161

82 (50.9)

39 (24.2)

27 (16.8)

13 (8.1)

24.8

  0

Intensive walking training using treadmill or exoskeleton;

n = 161

74 (46)

57 (35.4)

24 (14.9)

6 (3.7)

18.6

  0

Functional electric stimulation in supine position; n = 161

116 (72)

33 (20.5)

10 (6.2)

2 (1.2)

7.5

Improving ability to walk in (partially) ambulant patients

42.3

  B

Intensive walking training (conventionally); n = 146

8 (5.5)

25 (17.1)

61 (41.8)

52 (35.6)

77.4

  B

Intensive progressive walking training using treadmill; n = 144

45 (31.2)

56 (38.9)

31 (21.5)

12 (8.3)

29.9

  0

Task-specific training with motor imagery; n = 146

18 (12.3)

65 (44.5)

42 (28.8)

21 (14.4)

43.2

  0

Walking aids; n = 149

1 (0.7)

36 (24.2)

85 (57.0)

27 (18.1)

75.2

  0

Walking training with functional electrical stimulation; n = 145

123 (84.8)

14 (9.7)

6 (4.1)

2 (1.4)

5.5

Improving walking speed

34.6

  A

Task-specific endurance training using treadmill; n = 128

41 (32.0)

45 (35.2)

31 (24.2)

11 (8.6)

32.8

  A

Task-specific endurance training using progressive circuit training; n = 124

45 (36.3)

42 (33.9)

26 (21)

11 (8.9)

29.8

  B

Intensive walking training without treadmill; n = 130

6 (4.6)

29 (22.3)

70 (53.8)

25 (19.2)

73.1

  B

Intensive walking training using treadmill; n = 125

42 (33.6)

44 (35.2)

35 (28)

4 (3.2)

31.2

  B

Home exercise program; n = 123

19 (15.4)

26 (21.1)

55 (44.7)

23 (18.7)

63.4

  B

Walking training with functional electrical stimulation; n = 121

99 (81.8)

15 (12.4)

5 (4.1)

2 (1.7)

5.8

  B

Additional training for lower extremity functions; n = 128

6 (4.7)

40 (31.3)

59 (46.1)

23 (18)

64.1

  0

Intensive progressive task-specific training; n = 125

2 (1.6)

33 (26.4)

61 (48.8)

29 (23.2)

72

  0

Task-specific training with motor imagery; n = 129

25 (19.4)

56 (43.4)

35 (27.1)

13 (10.1)

37.2

  0

Walking training using end-effector devices; n = 96

59 (96.4)

20 (22)

16 (13.8)

1 (0.8)

17.7

  0

Muscular endurance training; n = 130

0 (0)

46 (35.4)

60 (46.2)

24 (18.5)

64.6

  0

Isokinetic strength training; n = 128

48 (37.5)

51 (39.8)

25 (19.5)

4 (3.1)

22.7

  0

Walking training with acoustic stimulation; n = 129

33 (25.6)

75 (58.1)

17 (13.2)

4 (3.1)

16.3

  0

Acoustic feedback while walking; n = 129

43 (33.3)

49 (38)

27 (20.9)

10 (7.8)

28.7

  0

Feedback/ Reinforcement; n = 124

57 (46)

46 (37.1)

19 (15.3)

2 (1.6)

16.9

  0

Combination of end-effector-based devices with functional electric stimulation; n = 124

107 (86.3)

14 (11.3)

3 (2.4)

0 (0)

2.4

  0

Early use of ankle-foot-orthosis; n = 130

11 (8.5)

77 (59. 2)

39 (30)

3 (2.3)

32.3

  0

Early use of orthopedic shoes; n = 127

39 (30.7)

65 (51.2)

21 (15.7)

3 (2.4)

18.9

  0

Arm slings; n = 125

22 (17.6)

65 (52

30 (24)

8 (6.4)

30.4

Improving walking distance

37.2

  A

Task-specific endurance training; n = 118

1 (0.8)

38 (32.2)

58 (49.2)

21 (17.8)

67

  B

Home exercise program; n = 115

14 (12.2)

34 (29.6)

47 (40.9)

20 (17.4)

58.3

  B

Intensive walking training using treadmill; n = 113

54 (47.8)

37 (32.7)

14 (12.4)

8 (7.1)

19.5

  0

Task-specific training with motor imagery; n = 116

33 (28.4)

50 (43.1)

27 (23.3)

6 (5.2)

28.5

  0

Walking training with end-effector-based device; n = 109

74 (67.9)

21 (19.3)

13 (11.2)

1 (0.9)

12.8

  0

Muscular endurance training; n = 116

2 (1.7)

44 (37.9)

51 (44)

19 (16.4)

60.3

  0

Walking training with functional electrical stimulation; n = 108

92 (85.2)

14 (13)

1 (0.9)

1 (0.9)

1.9

  0

High frequent physical therapy at home; n = 98

57 (58.1)

17 (17.3)

15 (15.3)

9 (9.3)

24.6

  0

Additional training for lower extremity functions; n = 115

9 (7.8)

51 (44.3)

42 (36.5)

13 (11.3)

47.8

  0

Additional muscular endurance training; n = 112

12 (10.7)

49 (43.7)

38 (33.9)

13 (11.6)

45.5

Improving balance and reducing risk of falls

39.1

  B

Intensive walking training without treadmill; n = 102

3 (2.9)

13 (12.7)

53 (52)

33 (32.4)

84.3

  B

Intensive walking training using treadmill; n = 100

34 (34)

37 (37)

27 (27)

2 (2)

29

  B

Home exercise program; n = 98

14 (14.3)

34 (34.7)

34 (34.7)

16 (16.3)

51

  B

Motor relearning program; n = 97

18 (18.6)

27 (27.8)

36 (37.1)

16 (16.5)

53.6

  0

Walking training using end-effector-based device, exoskeleton or treadmill; n = 96

59 (61.5)

20 (20.8)

16 (16.7)

1 (1)

17.7

  0

Muscular endurance training; n = 99

18 (18.2)

33 (33.3)

35 (35.4)

13 (13.1)

48.5

  0

Trunk control training on unstable surface; n = 100

4 (4)

43 (43)

34 (34)

19 (19)

53

  0

Acoustic feedback while walking; n = 98

4 (4.1)

23 (23.5)

47 (48)

24 (24.5)

72.5

  0

Early use of orthopedic shoes; n = 96

63 (65.6)

22 (22.9)

7 (7.3)

4 (4.2)

11.5

  0

Additional ergometer training; n = 95

33 (34.7)

40 (42.1)

15 (15.8)

7 (7.4)

23.2

  0

Additional training on a biofeedback platform; n = 98

35 (35.7)

46 (46.9)

15 (15.3)

2 (2)

17.4