|  | Hazard ratio* | 95% confidence interval |
---|---|---|---|
Age, per decade |  | 0.97 | 0.88–1.07 |
Female sex |  | 1.08 | 0.91–1.26 |
Race | White | Reference | Reference |
Black | 1.20 | 0.94–1.53 | |
Hispanic | 1.23 | 0.78–1.95 | |
Asian | 1.74 | 1.02–2.98 | |
Dual eligible for Medicaid |  | 0.75 | 0.60–0.95 |
Rural ZIP code |  | 0.98 | 0.82–1.18 |
Reason for entitlement | Agea | 1.17 | 0.88–1.54 |
Region | South | Reference | Reference |
Midwest | 0.85 | 0.69–1.05 | |
Northeast | 0.85 | 0.67–1.08 | |
West | 1.02 | 0.80–1.29 | |
Any neurologist visit, 2015 |  | 0.90 | 0.72–1.12 |
Any primarily epilepsy visit, 2015 |  | 0.88 | 0.73–1.07 |
Unique medications, 2015 |  | 1.03 | 1.01–1.05 |
Unique ASMs (No.), 2015 | 1 | Reference | Reference |
2 | 0.37 | 0.30–0.45 | |
3+ | 0.23 | 0.16–0.33 | |
ASM proportion of days covered > 80%, 2014–2015 | 0.38 | 0.32–0.44 | |
Older generation ASM, 2015 | 0.82 | 0.69–0.98 | |
Total Part D out of pocket cost (per $100), 2015 | 1.00 | 0.99–1.01 | |
Epilepsy type | Focal | Reference | Reference |
Generalized | 1.00 | 0.78–1.27 | |
Both | 0.76 | 0.54–1.06 | |
Neither | 1.00 | 0.82–1.23 | |
Refractory epilepsy |  | 0.96 | 0.76–1.21 |
Epileptogenic neurological conditions, 2014–2015 | Ischemic stroke | 1.26 | 0.98–1.61 |
Traumatic brain injury | 0.76 | 0.44–1.31 | |
Intracranial hemorrhage | 1.21 | 0.79–1.86 | |
Tumor | 1.30 | 0.79–2.13 | |
Meningoencephalitis | 2.37 | 1.08–5.24 | |
Cardiac arrest | 0.56 | 0.16–2.00 | |
Dementia |  | 0.96 | 0.71–1.29 |
Depression |  | 1.26 | 1.06–1.50 |
Charlson comorbidity index, 2015 | 0 | Reference | Reference |
1–3 | 0.92 | 0.76–1.10 | |
4–6 | 1.20 | 0.82–1.76 | |
7+ | 1.36 | 0.68–2.69 | |
Acute care visits for any condition, 2015 | 0 | Reference | Reference |
1 | 1.06 | 0.85–1.33 | |
2+ | 1.06 | 0.79–1.42 | |
Primary ASM prescriber | Neurologist | 1.10 | 0.89–1.35 |
Epileptologist | 2.37 | 1.39–4.03 | |
Female | 1.05 | 0.86–1.27 | |
Decades since med school | 0.99 | 0.91–1.08 | |
Physician extenderb | 1.01 | 0.77–1.34 | |
D.O. | 1.11 | 0.74–1.33 | |
# visits this patient, 2015 | 1.03 | 1.00–1.06 |