| Potential embolic sources | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | None | One | ≥two | P |
n = 20, 17% | n = 61, 53% | n = 34, 30% | ||
Demographics | ||||
 Age, mean ± SD | 62.6 ± 8.7 | 66.2 ± 13.2 | 69.6 ± 10.8 | 0.024 |
 Male gender, n (%) | 19 (95) | 45 (74) | 25 (74) | 0.064 |
 Hypertension, n (%) | 17 (85) | 40 (66) | 26 (76) | 0.195 |
 Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 12 (60) | 21 (34) | 19 (56) | 0.045 |
 Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 18 (90) | 44 (72) | 27 (79) | 0.239 |
 Smoking, n (%) | 7 (35) | 14 (23) | 9 (26) | 0.566 |
 Chronic kidney disease, n (%) | 4 (20) | 16 (26) | 10 (29) | 0.748 |
 Coronary artery disease, n (%) | 1 (5) | 2 (3) | 1 (3) | 0.923 |
 Malignant tumor, n (%) | 0 (0) | 5 (8) | 1 (3) | 0.173 |
 History of cerebral infarction, n (%) | 4 (20) | 7 (11) | 9 (26) | 0.171 |
NIHSS on admission | 2.7 ± 3.2 | 4.4 ± 6.3 | 3.6 ± 3.9 | 0.53 |
Laboratory findings | ||||
 LDL-C, mg/dl, a | 128.6 ± 38.9 | 106.8 ± 35.2 | 119.6 ± 34.2 | 0.039 |
 HDL-C, mg/dl, a | 49.9 ± 17.1 | 52.3 ± 14.3 | 51.3 ± 15.1 | 0.798 |
 eGFR, ml/min | 71.9 ± 28.2 | 71.9 ± 25.1 | 72.5 ± 24.9 | 0.962 |
 Hemoglobin A1c, % | 6.4 ± 1.2 | 6.0 ± 0.7 | 6.7 ± 1.4 | 0.022 |
 BNP, pg/ml, b | 59.3 ± 77.0 | 86.4 ± 139.3 | 181.7 ± 593.4 | 0.739 |
 D-dimer, μg/ml, a | 0.6 ± 0.3 | 1.3 ± 1.5 | 1.3 ± 1.3 | 0.002 |
MRI findings, n (%) | ||||
 Multiple lesions | 10 (50) | 38 (62) | 18 (53) | 0.516 |
 Lesion size > 30 mm in diameter | 5 (25) | 20 (33) | 13 (38) | 0.606 |
 Cortical infarction | 14 (70) | 50 (82) | 29 (85) | 0.367 |
 Cerebral microbleeds | 3 (15) | 8 (13) | 7 (21) | 0.628 |
 PVH, grade ≥ 2 | 5 (25) | 17 (28) | 10 (29) | 0.941 |
 DSWMH, grade ≥ 2 | 6 (18) | 12 (20) | 9 (26) | 0.567 |