| Total | D-dimer levels | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Variables |  | ≤ 1.0 μg/ml | >  1.0 μg/ml | P |
n = 113 | n = 75, 66% | n = 38, 34% | ||
Demographics | ||||
 Age, y | 66.9 ± 11.8 | 66.3 ± 10.5 | 68.0 ± 14.3 | 0.153 |
 Male gender, n (%) | 87 (77) | 63 (84) | 24 (63) | 0.013 |
 Hypertension, n (%) | 82 (73) | 57 (76) | 25 (66) | 0.25 |
 Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 52 (46) | 35 (47) | 17 (45) | 0.846 |
 Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 88 (78) | 58 (77) | 30 (79) | 0.846 |
 Smoking, n (%) | 29 (26) | 21 (28) | 8 (21) | 0.424 |
 Chronic kidney disease, n (%) | 29 (26) | 14 (19) | 15 (39) | 0.017 |
 Coronary artery disease, n (%) | 4 (4) | 2 (3) | 2 (5) | 0.492 |
 Malignant tumor, n (%) | 6 (5) | 1 (1) | 5 (13) | 0.01 |
 History of cerebral infarction, n (%) | 20 (18) | 9 (12) | 11 (29) | 0.026 |
NIHSS on admission | 3.9 ± 5.3 | 3.2 ± 4.2 | 5.1 ± 6.8 | 0.084 |
Laboratory findings | ||||
 LDL-C, mg/dl, a | 114.7 ± 36.6 | 114.7 ± 36.6 | 114.8 ± 37.2 | 0.997 |
 HDL-C, mg/dl, a | 51.6 ± 14.9 | 53.2 ± 15.9 | 48.5 ± 12.2 | 0.123 |
 eGFR, ml/min | 72.1 ± 25.3 | 75.8 ± 21.9 | 64.7 ± 29.8 | 0.052 |
 Hemoglobin A1c, % | 6.3 ± 1.1 | 6.4 ± 1.2 | 6.1 ± 0.8 | 0.353 |
 BNP, pg/ml, b | 110.9 ± 342.7 | 68.8 ± 118.9 | 196.1 ± 567.7 | 0.058 |
MRI findings, n (%) | ||||
 Multiple lesions | 66 (58) | 44 (59) | 22 (58) | 0.937 |
 Lesion size > 30 mm in diameter | 38 (34) | 21 (28) | 17 (45) | 0.075 |
 Cortical infarction | 92 (81) | 61 (81) | 31 (82) | 0.975 |
 Cerebral microbleeds | 18 (16) | 12 (16) | 6 (16) | 0.977 |
 PVH, grade ≥ 2 | 32 (28) | 20 (27) | 12 (32) | 0.584 |
 DSWMH, grade ≥ 2 | 27 (24) | 17 (23) | 10 (26) | 0.667 |
Potential embolic sources on TEE, n (%) | ||||
 RLS | 59 (52) | 34 (45) | 25 (66) | 0.04 |
  Degree of shunt |  |  |  | 0.116 |
  Small to Intermediate | 51 (45) | 30 (40) | 21 (55) |  |
  Large | 8 (7) | 4 (5) | 4 (11) |  |
 Comorbidity with DVT |  |  |  | 0.013 |
  RLS without DVT | 51 (45) | 32 (43) | 19 (50) |  |
  Both RLS and DVT | 8 (7) | 2 (3) | 6 (16) |  |
 Atrial septal aneurysm | 8 (7) | 4 (5) | 4 (11) | 0.322 |
 Aortic arch plaques | 53 (47) | 35 (47) | 18 (47) | 0.944 |
 LAA dysfunction or SEC | 9 (8) | 6 (8) | 3 (8) | 0.984 |