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Table 2 Univariate regression modelling of variables with seizure activity and poor outcomes; volumes of oedema were log transformed prior to regression modelling

From: Increased volume of cerebral oedema is associated with risk of acute seizure activity and adverse neurological outcomes in encephalitis – regional and volumetric analysis in a multi-centre cohort

 

Univariate analysis

Multivariate analysis

Odds ratio for seizure activity (95% CI)

P value

Odds ratio for seizure activity adjusting for admission GCS

(95% CI)

p value

Clinical variables

 Age

0.99 (0.97–1.01)

0.390

 Sex (male)

1.28 (0.49–3.35)

0.618

 GCS

0.67 (0.53–0.84)

< 0.001**

0.61 (0.46–0.83)

0.001**

 Duration of symptoms in days

1.01 (0.99–1.02)

0.424

Aetiology

 Unknown

1.56 (0.58–4.17)

0.381

 Herpes simplex virus

2.34 (0.57–9.58)

0.236

 Other infective cause

0.79 (0.22–2.89)

0.726

 Auto-immune mediated

0.37 (0.12–1.14)

0.083

Regional analysis

 Visible oedema on MRI

4.74 (1.65–13.58)

0.004**

0.63 (0.05–8.31)

0.723

 Presence of cortical oedema

4.91 (1.79–14.39)

0.003**

5.48 (1.62–18.51)

0.006*

 Presence of frontal lobe oedema

2.60 (0.90–8.29)

0.088

 Presence of temporal lobe oedema

3.15 (1.14–9.50)

0.033*

0.67 (0.09–4.46)

0.674

 Presence of parietal lobe oedema

1.56 (0.54–4.75)

0.419

 Presence of occipital lobe oedema

3.06 (0.84–14.61)

0.113

 Presence of subcortical oedema

2.39 (0.78–8.30)

0.142

 Presence of cerebellum oedema

1.69 (0.49–6.83)

0.427

 Number of structures with oedema

1.36 (1.09–1.76)

0.012*

1.10 (0.72–1.68)

0.646

Volumetric analysis

 Total volume of oedema

1.75 (1.13–2.81)

0.015*

0.72 (0.16–3.19)

0.665

 Cortical volume of oedema

1.79 (1.15–2.89)

0.013*

1.90 (1.12–3.21)

0.017*

 Volume of frontal lobe oedema

1.36 (0.76–2.43)

0.300

 Volume of temporal lobe oedema

1.77 (1.06–2.95)

0.029*

1.02 (0.38–2.72)

0.966

 Volume of parietal lobe oedema

1.27 (0.68–2.37)

0.459

 Volume of occipital lobe oedema

3.08 (0.84–11.31)

0.089

 Volume of subcortical oedema

1.49 (0.72–3.12)

0.286

 Volume of cerebellum oedema

1.28 (0.52–3.12)

0.589

  1. CI Confidence intervals
  2. * = p < 0.05
  3. ** = p < 0.005