Table 3 Univariate and multivariate regression modelling of variables with poor outcomes; volumes of oedema were log transformed prior to regression modelling

 Age

1.01 (0.99–1.04)

0.215

–

–

 Sex (male)

1.38 (0.50–3.86)

0.538

–

–

 GCS

0.87 (0.74–1.03)

0.114

–

–

 Duration of symptoms in days

1.00 (0.99–1.02)

0.587

–

–

 Seizure as inpatient

2.35 (0.78–7.05)

0.128

–

–

 Unknown

0.71 (0.25–2.01)

0.515

–

–

 Herpes simplex virus

3.92 (1.08–14.20)

0.038*

2.28 (0.53–9.84)

0.271

 Other infective cause

0.42 (0.08–2.14)

0.298

–

–

 Auto-immune mediated

0.86 (0.26–2.83)

0.801

–

–

 Visible oedema on MRI

2.52 (0.84–8.70)

0.116

–

–

 Presence of cortical oedema

1.89 (0.67–5.73)

0.243

–

–

 Presence of frontal lobe oedema

2.18 (0.76–6.34)

0.148

–

–

 Presence of temporal lobe oedema

1.77 (0.63–4.99)

0.278

–

–

 Presence of parietal lobe oedema

2.73 (0.93–8.15)

0.068

–

–

 Presence of occipital lobe oedema

0.52 (0.11–1.90)

0.353

–

–

 Presence of subcortical oedema

1.361 (0.43–4.10)

0.587

–

–

 Presence of brain stem oedema

1.08 (0.21–4.57)

0.920

–

–

 Presence of cerebellum oedema

2.14 (0.61–7.46)

0.226

–

–

 Number of structures with oedema

1.15 (0.93–1.44)

0.198

–

–

 Total volume of oedema

1.73 (1.08–2.92)

0.027*

1.73 (1.06–2.83)

0.027*

 Cortical volume of oedema

1.53 (0.98–2.46)

0.068

–

–

 Volume of frontal lobe oedema

1.46 (0.83–2.58)

0.185

–

–

 Volume of temporal lobe oedema

1.51 (0.94–2.45)

0.087

–

–

 Volume of parietal lobe oedema

1.75 (0.94–3.31)

0.077

–

–

 Volume of occipital lobe oedema

0.39 (0.07–1.25)

0.176

–

–

 Volume of subcortical oedema

1.26 (0.61–2.55)

0.518

–

–

 Volume of brain stem oedema

1.07 (0.38–2.65)

0.880

–

–

 Volume of cerebellum oedema

1.58 (0.65–3.81)

0.298

–

–