Table 1 Group comparison of patients treated with Nimodipine (NM+) or not (NM-). Bold values are statistically significant p-values (< 0.05) and their associated Odd’s Ratio; * Fisher exact test
NM- (n = 1204) | NM+ (n = 79) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Age [years], median (IQR) | 79 (69–84) | 66 (55.6–78.5) | < 0.001 |
Male, n (%) | 496 (41.2) | 36 (45.6) | 0.445 |
Coronary artery disease, n (%) | 326 (27.0) | 9 (12.9) | 0.003 |
Known atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 561 (46.4) | 23 (29.1) | 0.003 |
Arterial Hypertension, n (%) | 933 (77.5) | 48 (60.8) | 0.003 |
Type 2 diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 296 (24.6) | 11 (13.9) | 0.038 |
Hypercholesterolemia, n (%) | 404 (33.6) | 8 (10.1) | < 0.001 |
Medication before stroke | |||
None of the below mentioned, n (%) | 563 (46.8) | 50 (63.3) | 0.004 |
Anticoagulation Vit. K Antagonist, n (%) | 136 (11.3) | 6 (7.6) | 0.310 |
Direct Oral Anticoagulant, n (%) | 187 (15.5) | 8 (10.1) | 0.195 |
Antiplatelet medication, n (%) | 345 (28.7) | 15 (19.0) | 0.107 |
Stroke related clinical and imaging aspects | |||
Pre-stroke mRS, median (IQR) | 1 (0–2) | 0 (0–1) | < 0.001 |
Initial NIHSS score, median (IQR) | 15 (9–20) | 14 (9–19) | 0.221 |
ASPECTS baseline, median (IQR) | 9 (8–10) | 8 (7–10) | 0.254 |
ASPECTS follow-up, median (IQR) | 7 (6–9) | 6 (4.5-8) | 0.013 |
Intravenous thrombolysis, n (%) | 549 (45.6) | 37 (46.8) | 0.831 |
Unknown stroke onset, n (%) | 452 (37.5) | 38 (48.1) | 0.039 |
Time from symptom onset to imaging, median [minutes], median (IQR) | 206 (92–382) | 219 (86–559) | 0.558 |
Time from imaging to groin puncture, median [minutes], median (IQR) | 40 (29–54) | 41(31–55) | 0.499 |
Location of target vessel occlusion | |||
Distal ICA, n (%) | 44 (3.7) | 4 (5.0) | 0.523 |
Carotid T, n (%) | 164 (13.6) | 14 (17.7) | 0.307 |
MCA M1 segment, n (%) | 583 (48.4) | 30 (38.0) | 0.072 |
MCA M2 segment, n (%) | 370 (30.7) | 29 (36.7) | 0.266 |
MCA M3/ M4 segment, n (%) | 21 (1.7) | 2 (2.9) | 0.609 |
ACA, n (%) | 11 (0.9) | 0 | 0.394 |
Procedural aspects | |||
Treatment in conscious sedation, n (%) | 1042 (86.5) | 70 (88.6) | 0.932 |
Number of thrombectomy attempts in total, median (IQR) | 2 (1–3) | 3 (2–5) | < 0.001 |
Number of stent retriever maneuvers, median (IQR) | 1 (1–3) | 2 (1–3) | < 0.001 |
Number of aspiration maneuvers, median (IQR) | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–1) | 0.099 |
mTICI after treatment | |||
0–1, n (%) | 38 (3.2) | 5 (7.1) | 0.129 |
2a, n (%) | 68 (5.6) | 8 (10.1) | 0.184 |
2b, n (%) | 332 (27.6) | 21 (26.6) | 0.412 |
2c-3, n (%) (Reperfusion) | 766 (63.6) | 42 (53.2) | 0.062 |
Intracranial hemorrhage in follow-up imaging | |||
Any intracranial hemorrhage, n (%) | 356 (29.6) | 27 (34.2) | 0.386 |
Symptomatic hemorrhage, n (%) | 21 (1.7) | 2 (2.5) | 0.609 |
Heidelberg Bleeding Classification (HBC) | |||
Scattered small petechiae, no mass effect HBC 1a, n % | 81 (6.5) | 6 (7.6) | 0.766 |
Confluent petechiae, no mass effect HBC 1b, n % | 78 (6.5) | 7 (8.9) | 0.410 |
Hematoma within infarcted tissue, occupying < 30%, no substantive mass effect HBC 1c, n % | 75 (6.2) | 5 (6.3) | 0.973 |
Intracerebral hemorrhage within and beyond infarcted brain tissue HBC 2, n % | 33 (2.7) | 1 (1.3) | 0.429 |
Parenchymal hematoma remote from infarcted brain tissue HBC 3a, n % | 5 (0.4) | 0 | 0.566 |
Intraventricular hemorrhage; HBC 3b, n % | 29 (2.4) | 0 | 0.163 |
Subarachnoid hemorrhage; HBC 3c, n % | 141 (11.7) | 13 (16.5) | 0.209 |
Subdural hemorrhage; HBC 3d, n % | 3 (0.2) | 0 | 0.657 |
Other complications | |||
Perforation, n % | 33 (2.7) | 3 (3.8) | 0.582 |
Dissection, n % | 9 (0.7) | 0 | 0.441 |
Embolism in new territory, n % | 9 (0.7) | 2 (2.5) | 0.062* |
Embolism in same territory, n % | 5 (0.4) | 2 (2.5) | 0.304 |
Clinical Outcome | |||
mRS at discharge, median IQR | 4 (2–5) | 4 (2–5) | 0.192 |
Delta mRS, median IQR | 2 (1–2) | 3 (1–4) | 0.011 |
NIHSS 24 h, median (IQR) | 9 (3–18) | 14 (5–21) | 0.004 |
NIHSS at discharge, median (IQR) | 6 (2–17) | 10 (2.5–17.5) | 0.144 |