Pre-protocol n = 103 | Post-protocol n = 178 | p -value | |
---|---|---|---|
Patient factors | |||
Sex: Male (%) | 50 | 44 | 0.32 |
Age (year; median [IQR]) | 59 [49–69] | 56 [47–66] | 0.30 |
Emergency surgery (%) | 100 | 85 | < 0.001 |
Indication for EVD (%) | 0.01 | ||
SAH/IVH | 50 | 60 | |
Tumor | 13 | 12 | |
Trauma | 3 | 9 | |
Othera | 34 | 19 | |
Catheter factors | |||
Surgeon | 0.11 | ||
PGY 1–3 | 35 | 40 | |
PGY 4–6 | 27 | 16 | |
Neurosurgeon | 38 | 44 | |
Tunnelled EVDb (%) | 57 | 81 | < 0.001 |
Operating time (minutes; median [IQR]) | 69 [54–82] | 73 [58–94] | 0.053 |
Prophylactic antibiotics (%) | 49 | 86 | < 0.001 |
CSF leakage (%) | 9 | 13 | 0.35 |
Frequency of CSF sampling (median [IQR]) | 1 [0–3] | 1 [0–2] | 0.07 |
Duration of drainage (days; median [IQR]) | 5 [2–12] | 7 [3–12] | 0.13 |