Dementias

Plasma long non-coding RNA BACE1 as a novel biomarker for diagnosis of Alzheimer disease

Long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) have been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, but whether it can serve as a biomarker for Alzheimer disease (AD) is not yet known.

Authors: Liang Feng, Yu-Ting Liao, Jin-Cai He, Cheng-Long Xie, Si-Yan Chen, Hui-Hui Fan, Zhi-Peng Su and Zhen Wang

Widespread enlarged perivascular spaces associated with dementia and focal brain dysfunction: case report

Enlarged perivascular spaces (PVS) are common magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, whereas widespread enlarged PVS are extremely rare. Although most patients with widespread enlarged PVS remain asymptoma...

Authors: Daisuke Taniguchi, Hideki Shimura, Masao Watanabe, Nobutaka Hattori and Takao Urabe

Effects of Homocysteine on white matter diffusion parameters in Alzheimer’s disease

The clinical features of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are related to brain network degeneration, and hyperhomocysteinemia is related to greater white matter hyperintensities. We investigated the changes in four di...

Authors: Chen-Chang Lee, Shih-Wei Hsu, Chi-Wei Huang, Wen-Neng Chang, Sz-Fan Chen, Ming-Kung Wu, Chiung-Chih Chang, Lain-Chyr Hwang and Po-Chou Chen

A novel frameshift GRN mutation results in frontotemporal lobar degeneration with a distinct clinical phenotype in two siblings: case report and literature review

Progranulin gene (GRN) mutations are major causes of frontotemporal lobar degeneration. To date, 68 pathogenic GRN mutations have been identified. However, very few of these mutations have been reported in Asians...

Authors: Takashi Hosaka, Kazuhiro Ishii, Takeshi Miura, Naomi Mezaki, Kensaku Kasuga, Takeshi Ikeuchi and Akira Tamaoka

Can brain impermeable BACE1 inhibitors serve as anti-CAA medicine?

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is characterized by the deposition of ß-amyloid peptides (Aß) in and surrounding the wall of microvasculature in the central nervous system, together with parenchymal amyloid ...

Authors: Jian-Ming Li, Li-Ling Huang, Fei Liu, Bei-Sha Tang and Xiao-Xin Yan

Relationship between serum uric acid level and mild cognitive impairment in Chinese community elderly

To evaluate the association between SUA levels within a normal to high range and the risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among community elderly.

Authors: Miao Liu, Jianhua Wang, Jing Zeng and Yao He

Comparison of neuropsychiatric symptoms and diffusion tensor imaging correlates among patients with subcortical ischemic vascular disease and Alzheimer’s disease

The causes of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) vary according to the dementia subtype and associated neuropathology. The present study aimed to (i) compare BPSD between patients with su...

Authors: Min-Chien Tu, Wen-Hui Huang, Yen-Hsuan Hsu, Chung-Ping Lo, Jie Fu Deng and Ching-Feng Huang

Characteristic differences in the mini-mental state examination used in Asian countries

The mini-mental state examination (MMSE) was adapted by individual countries according to their languages and cultures, though it has not been systematically compared. The objective of this study was to compar...

Authors: Yong S. Shim, Dong Won Yang, Hee-Jin Kim, Young Ho Park and SangYun Kim

Biochemical markers in vascular cognitive impairment associated with subcortical small vessel disease - A consensus report

Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is a heterogeneous entity with multiple aetiologies, all linked to underlying vascular disease. Among these, VCI related to subcortical small vessel disease (SSVD) is emergi...

Authors: A. Wallin, E. Kapaki, M. Boban, S. Engelborghs, D. M. Hermann, B. Huisa, M. Jonsson, M. G. Kramberger, L. Lossi, B. Malojcic, S. Mehrabian, A. Merighi, E. B. Mukaetova-Ladinska, G. P. Paraskevas, B. O. Popescu, R. Ravid…

Voxel-wise correlations between cognition and cerebral blood flow using arterial spin-labeled perfusion MRI in patients with Alzheimer’s disease: a cross-sectional study

To analyze voxel-wise correlation between cerebral blood flow (CBF) measured using ASL-MRI and cognition in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD).

Authors: Tomohiro Kaneta, Omi Katsuse, Takamasa Hirano, Matsuyoshi Ogawa, Ayako Shihikura-Hino, Keisuke Yoshida, Toshinari Odawara, Yoshio Hirayasu and Tomio Inoue

An unusual delusion of duplication in a patient affected by Dementia with Lewy bodies

Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is the second most frequent diagnosis of progressive degenerative dementia in older people. Delusions are common features in DLB and, among them, Capgras syndrome represents the...

Authors: Paolo Solla, Gioia Mura, Antonino Cannas, Gianluca Floris, Davide Fonti, Gianni Orofino, Mauro Giovanni Carta and Francesco Marrosu

Study protocol: Insight 46 – a neuroscience sub-study of the MRC National Survey of Health and Development

Increasing age is the biggest risk factor for dementia, of which Alzheimer’s disease is the commonest cause. The pathological changes underpinning Alzheimer’s disease are thought to develop at least a decade p...

Authors: Christopher A. Lane, Thomas D. Parker, Dave M. Cash, Kirsty Macpherson, Elizabeth Donnachie, Heidi Murray-Smith, Anna Barnes, Suzie Barker, Daniel G. Beasley, Jose Bras, David Brown, Ninon Burgos, Michelle Byford, M. Jorge Cardoso, Ana Carvalho, Jessica Collins…

Big data and data repurposing - using existing data to answer new questions in vascular dementia research

Traditional approaches to clinical research have, as yet, failed to provide effective treatments for vascular dementia (VaD). Novel approaches to collation and synthesis of data may allow for time and cost eff...

Authors: Fergus N. Doubal, Myzoon Ali, G. David Batty, Andreas Charidimou, Maria Eriksdotter, Martin Hofmann-Apitius, Yun-Hee Kim, Deborah A. Levine, Gillian Mead, Hermann A. M. Mucke, Craig W. Ritchie, Charlotte J. Roberts, Tom C. Russ, Robert Stewart, William Whiteley and Terence J. Quinn

Bapineuzumab for mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a globally prevalent neurodegenerative condition, clinically characterized by progressive memory loss and gradual impairment of cognitive functions. Bapineuzumab is a fully humanize...

Authors: Abdelrahman Ibrahim Abushouk, Ahmed Elmaraezy, Amro Aglan, Reham Salama, Samar Fouda, Rana Fouda and Ammar M. AlSafadi

Cilostazol as an add-on therapy for patients with Alzheimer’s disease in Taiwan: a case control study

Combination therapy using acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) and cilostazol is of unknown efficacy for patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD).

Authors: Shu-Yu Tai, Chun-Hung Chen, Chen-Yu Chien and Yuan-Han Yang

Monetary costs of Alzheimer’s disease in China: protocol for a cluster-randomised observational study

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia. International multilateral cost-of-illness (COI) studies have revealed that the cost of treating this disease is huge, which places a significant b...

Authors: Fangyu Li, Shuoqi Chen, Cuibai Wei and Jianping Jia

Serum albumin to globulin ratio is related to cognitive decline via reflection of homeostasis: a nested case-control study

Recent research suggests that several pathogenetic factors, including aging, genetics, inflammation, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and infectious diseases, influence cognitive decline (CD) risk. However, no definiti...

Authors: Teruhide Koyama, Nagato Kuriyama, Etsuko Ozaki, Daisuke Matsui, Isao Watanabe, Fumitaro Miyatani, Masaki Kondo, Aiko Tamura, Takashi Kasai, Yoichi Ohshima, Tomokatsu Yoshida, Takahiko Tokuda, Ikuko Mizuta, Shigeto Mizuno, Kei Yamada, Kazuo Takeda…

Ratio of apoB/LDL: a potential clinical index for vascular cognitive impairment

Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI), compared to vascular dementia (VD), has a broader definition and highlights the effect of vascular disease in dementia, and stroke seems play an important role in the devel...

Authors: Cheng Qian and Fei Tan

A profile of The Clinical Course of Cognition and Comorbidity in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Study (The 4C study): two complementary longitudinal, clinical cohorts in the Netherlands

Heterogeneous disease trajectories of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia are frequently encountered in clinical practice, but there is still insufficient knowledge to understand the reasons and mecha...

Authors: Weiqi Liao, Renske E. G. Hamel, Marcel G. M. Olde Rikkert, Saskia M. Oosterveld, Pauline Aalten, Frans R. J. Verhey, Philip Scheltens, Nicole Sistermans, Yolande A. L. Pijnenburg, Wiesje M. van der Flier, Inez H. G. B. Ramakers and René J. F. Melis

Inverse relationship between Alzheimer’s disease and cancer, and other factors contributing to Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review

The AD etiology is yet not properly known. Interactions among environmental factors, multiple susceptibility genes and aging, contribute to AD. This study investigates the factors that play role in causing AD ...

Authors: Ovais Shafi

Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease with unusual initial presentation as posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: a case report

Creutzfeldt - Jakob disease (CJD) is a rapidly progressive and fatal neurodegenerative prion disease. MRI findings are included in diagnostic criteria for probable CJD, giving a sensitivity and specificity mor...

Authors: Edgaras Dirzius, Renata Balnyte, Vesta Steibliene, Rymante Gleizniene, Inga Gudinaviciene, Andrius Radziunas and Kestutis Petrikonis

Association between olfactory identification and cognitive function in community-dwelling elderly: the Shanghai aging study

The smell sense reduction was considered to represent the potentially warning of early stage of neurodegenerative disorders. The Shanghai Aging Study provided us a unique opportunity to explore the association...

Authors: Xiaoniu Liang, Ding Ding, Qianhua Zhao, Qihao Guo, Jianfeng Luo and Zhen Hong

Anxiety and depression symptoms among caregivers of care-recipients with subjective cognitive decline and cognitive impairment

Caregivers of care-recipients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia experience high caregiver burden; however, the psychiatric burden of caregivers of care-recipients with subjective cognitive decli...

Authors: Xiaoniu Liang, Qihao Guo, Jianfeng Luo, Fang Li, Ding Ding, Qianhua Zhao and Zhen Hong

Risk factors for recurrent injurious falls that require hospitalization for older adults with dementia: a population based study

Older adults with dementia are at an increased risk of falls, however, little is known about risk factors for recurrent injurious falls (a subsequent fall after the first fall has occurred) among this group. T...

Authors: Lynn B. Meuleners, Michelle L. Fraser, Max K. Bulsara, Kyle Chow and Jonathon Q. Ng

Decreased IL-8 levels in CSF and serum of AD patients and negative correlation of MMSE and IL-1β

It is widely accepted that neuroinflammatory processes play an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and high levels of cytokines and chemokines are detected around Aβ plaques.

Authors: Raphael Hesse, Anke Wahler, Pauline Gummert, Stefanie Kirschmer, Markus Otto, Hayrettin Tumani, Jan Lewerenz, Cathrin Schnack and Christine A. F. von Arnim

Alpha-synuclein measured in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with Alzheimer’s disease, mild cognitive impairment, or healthy controls: a two year follow-up study

α-Synuclein has been proposed as a potential biomarker for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). However, results from α-synuclein measurements in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) ha...

Authors: Guro Berge, Sigrid B. Sando, Grethe Albrektsen, Camilla Lauridsen, Ina Møller, Gøril R. Grøntvedt, Geir Bråthen and Linda R. White

Bilateral strio-pallido-dentate calcinosis (Fahr’s disease): report of seven cases and revision of literature

Fahr’s disease is rare a neurodegenerative idiopathic condition characterized by symmetric and bilateral calcifications of basal ganglia, usually associated with progressive neuropsychiatric dysfunctions and m...

Authors: Elisabetta Savino, Cecilia Soavi, Eleonora Capatti, Massimo Borrelli, Giovanni B. Vigna, Angelina Passaro and Giovanni Zuliani

Erratum to: PRISM II: an open-label study to assess effectiveness of dextromethorphan/quinidine for pseudobulbar affect in patients with dementia, stroke or traumatic brain injury

Authors: Flora M. Hammond, David N. Alexander, Andrew J. Cutler, Stephen D’Amico, Rachelle S. Doody, William Sauve, Richard D. Zorowitz, Charles S. Davis, Paul Shin, Fred Ledon, Charles Yonan, Andrea E. Formella and Joao Siffert

Cholinesterase inhibitors do not alter the length of stay in nursing homes among patients with Alzheimer’s disease: a prospective, observational study of factors affecting survival time from admission to death

The survival time in nursing homes (NHs) in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) might be affected by sociodemographic/clinical characteristics, rate of disease progression, and use of specific medications and community-b...

Authors: Carina Wattmo, Elisabet Londos and Lennart Minthon

Applied multimodal diagnostics in a case of presenile dementia

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly. The possibility of disease-modifying strategies has evoked a need for early and accurate diagnosis. To improve the accuracy of the ...

Authors: Sonja Schönecker, Matthias Brendel, Marion Huber, Christian Vollmar, Hans-Juergen Huppertz, Stefan Teipel, Nobuyuki Okamura, Johannes Levin, Axel Rominger and Adrian Danek

Case report of Lewy body disease mimicking Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in a 44-year-old man

Few patients are reported with dementia with Lewy bodies before fifty years-old, which may partly reflect the difficulty of accurate diagnosis in young population. We report the case of a 44-year-old male with...

Authors: Laure Saint-Aubert, Jérémie Pariente, Herve Dumas, Pierre Payoux, Jean-Philippe Brandel, Michèle Puel, Anne Vital, Eric Guedj, Suzanne Lesage, Katell Peoc’h, Christine Brefel Courbon and Fabienne Ory Magne

Predicting dementia in primary care patients with a cardiovascular health metric: a prospective population-based study

Improving cardiovascular health possibly decreases the risk of dementia. Primary care practices offer a suitable setting for monitoring and controlling cardiovascular risk factors in the older population. The ...

Authors: Johannes Baltasar Hessler, Karl-Heinz Ander, Monika Brönner, Thorleif Etgen, Hans Förstl, Holger Poppert, Dirk Sander and Horst Bickel

A review of clinical trial designs used to detect a disease-modifying effect of drug therapy in Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease

Disease-modification clinical trials in neurodegenerative disorders have struggled to separate symptomatic effects of putative agents from disease-modification. In response, a variety of clinical trial designs...

Authors: David J. M. McGhee, Craig W. Ritchie, John P. Zajicek and Carl E. Counsell

PRISM II: an open-label study to assess effectiveness of dextromethorphan/quinidine for pseudobulbar affect in patients with dementia, stroke or traumatic brain injury

Phase 3 trials supporting dextromethorphan/quinidine (DM/Q) use as a treatment for pseudobulbar affect (PBA) were conducted in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or multiple sclerosis (MS). The ...

Authors: Flora M. Hammond, David N. Alexander, Andrew J. Cutler, Stephen D’Amico, Rachelle S. Doody, William Sauve, Richard D. Zorowitz, Charles S. Davis, Paul Shin, Fred Ledon, Charles Yonan, Andrea E. Formella and Joao Siffert

Dysexecutive syndrome in amnesic mild cognitive impairment: a multicenter study

Executive functions (EF) in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), classically related to the prefrontal cortex, have been forgotten in mild stages, given more importance to temporal lobe associated disorders, such as memo...

Authors: E. Blanco Martín, I. Ugarriza Serrano, X. Elcoroaristizabal Martín, L. Galdos Alcelay, A. Molano Salazar, R. Bereincua Gandarias, S. Inglés Borda, J. M. Uterga Valiente, M. B. Indakoetxea Juanbeltz, J. Moraza Lopez, M. Barandiarán Amillano and M. Fernández-Martínez

Novel PSEN1 G209A mutation in early-onset Alzheimer dementia supported by structural prediction

Three main genes are described as causative genes for early-onset Alzheimer dementia (EOAD): APP, PSEN1 and PSEN2. We describe a woman with EOAD had a novel PSEN1 mutation.

Authors: Seong Soo A. An, Eva Bagyinszky, Hye Ryoun Kim, Ju-Won Seok, Hae-Won Shin, SeunOh Bae, SangYun Kim and Young Chul Youn

Neuroimaging basis in the conversion of aMCI patients with APOE-ε4 to AD: study protocol of a prospective diagnostic trial

The ε4 allele of the Apolipoprotein E gene (APOE-ε4) is a potent genetic risk factor for sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) is an intermediate state between normal cog...

Authors: Guan-Qun Chen, Can Sheng, Yu-Xia Li, Yang Yu, Xiao-Ni Wang, Yu Sun, Hong-Yan Li, Xuan-Yu Li, Yun-Yan Xie and Ying Han

ICC-dementia (International Centenarian Consortium - dementia): an international consortium to determine the prevalence and incidence of dementia in centenarians across diverse ethnoracial and sociocultural groups

Considerable variability exists in international prevalence and incidence estimates of dementia. The accuracy of estimates of dementia in the oldest-old and the controversial question of whether dementia incid...

Authors: Henry Brodaty, Claudia Woolf, Stacy Andersen, Nir Barzilai, Carol Brayne, Karen Siu-Lan Cheung, Maria M. Corrada, John D. Crawford, Catriona Daly, Yasuyuki Gondo, Bo Hagberg, Nobuyoshi Hirose, Henne Holstege, Claudia Kawas, Jeffrey Kaye, Nicole A. Kochan…

The impact of dementia on drug costs in older people: results from the SNAC study

We aimed to investigate the impact of dementia on drug costs in older people, after adjustment for socio-demographic factors, residential setting and co-morbidities.

Authors: Anders Sköldunger, Johan Fastbom, Anders Wimo, Laura Fratiglioni and Kristina Johnell

Atorvastatin in improvement of cognitive impairments caused by amyloid β in mice: involvement of inflammatory reaction

The production of inflammatory cytokines resulting from amyloid β (Aβ) is associated with the initiation of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Atorvastatin (ATV) has been reported to improve AD, however, it is unclear ...

Authors: Liandong Zhao, Tingting Chen, Chonghui Wang, Guoxi Li, Wenhui Zhi, Jun Yin, Qi Wan and Ling Chen

Understanding and optimizing brain health in HIV now: protocol for a longitudinal cohort study with multiple randomized controlled trials

Chronic HIV infection commonly affects both cognition and mental health, even with excellent systemic viral control. The causes of compromised brain health are likely to be a multi-factorial combination of HIV...

Authors: Nancy E. Mayo, Marie-Josée Brouillette and Lesley K. Fellows

The effect of nucleus basalis magnocellularis deep brain stimulation on memory function in a rat model of dementia

Deep brain stimulation has recently been considered a potential therapy in improving memory function. It has been shown that a change of neurotransmitters has an effect on memory function. However, much about ...

Authors: Ji Eun Lee, Da Un Jeong, Jihyeon Lee, Won Seok Chang and Jin Woo Chang

Correlation of Tc-99 m ethyl cysteinate dimer single-photon emission computed tomography and clinical presentations in patients with low cobalamin status

Cobalamin (Cbl) deficiency has been associated with various neuropsychiatric symptoms of different severities. While some studies dedicated in structural neuroimaging credibly address negative impact of low Cb...

Authors: Min-Chien Tu, Chung-Ping Lo, Ching-Yuan Chen and Ching-Feng Huang

Non-neuronal and neuronal BACE1 elevation in association with angiopathic and leptomeningeal β-amyloid deposition in the human brain

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) refers to the deposition of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides in the wall of brain vasculature, commonly involving capillaries and arterioles. Also being considered a part of CAA is the...

Authors: Zhi-Qin Xue, Zheng-Wen He, Jian-Jun Yu, Yan Cai, Wen-Ying Qiu, Aihua Pan, Wei-Ping Gai, Huaibin Cai, Xue-Gang Luo, Chao Ma and Xiao-Xin Yan

The influence of cholinesterase inhibitor therapy for dementia on risk of cardiac pacemaker insertion: a retrospective, population-based, health administrative databases study in Ontario, Canada

Cholinesterase inhibitors are used to treat the symptoms of dementia and can theoretically cause bradycardia. Previous studies suggest that patients taking these medications have an increased risk of undergoin...

Authors: Allen R Huang, Calum J Redpath and Carl van Walraven

Differential diagnosis of depression and Alzheimer’s disease with the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-Revised (ACE-R)

One of the usual problems psychologists and clinicians face in clinical practice is differential diagnostics of Alzheimer’s disease and depression. It has been reported that the ACE and ACE-R could discriminat...

Authors: Augustinas Rotomskis, Ramunė Margevičiūtė, Arūnas Germanavičius, Gintaras Kaubrys, Valmantas Budrys and Albinas Bagdonas

APOE ε4 moderates abnormal CSF-abeta-42 levels, while neurocognitive impairment is associated with abnormal CSF tau levels in HIV+ individuals – a cross-sectional observational study

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers Aβ1-42, t-tau and p-tau have a characteristic pattern in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Their roles in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) remains unclear.

Authors: Lucette A Cysique, Timothy Hewitt, Juliana Croitoru-Lamoury, Kevin Taddei, Ralph N Martins, Constance SN Chew, Nicholas NWS Davies, Patricia Price and Bruce J Brew

Proteinase-activated receptor 2 and disease biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid in cases with autopsy-confirmed prion diseases and other neurodegenerative diseases

Proteinase-activated receptor 2 (PAR-2) has been shown to promote both neurotoxic and neuroprotective effects. Similarly, other routinely used nonspecific markers of neuronal damage can be found in cerebrospin...

Authors: Zdenek Rohan, Magdalena Smetakova, Jaromir Kukal, Robert Rusina and Radoslav Matej

Decision tree analysis of genetic risk for clinically heterogeneous Alzheimer’s disease

Heritability of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is estimated at 74% and genetic contributors have been widely sought. The ε4 allele of apolipoprotein E (APOE) remains the strongest common risk factor for AD, with numero...

Authors: Jennifer S Yokoyama, Luke W Bonham, Renee L Sears, Eric Klein, Anna Karydas, Joel H Kramer, Bruce L Miller and Giovanni Coppola

Disparate voxel based morphometry (VBM) results between SPM and FSL softwares in ALS patients with frontotemporal dementia: which VBM results to consider?

Because our previous study showed disparate voxel based morphometry (VBM) results between SPM and FSL softwares in the brain of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients with frontotemporal dementia (ALS-FTD), we...

Authors: Venkateswaran Rajagopalan and Erik P Pioro