Dementias

Monetary costs of Alzheimer’s disease in China: protocol for a cluster-randomised observational study

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia. International multilateral cost-of-illness (COI) studies have revealed that the cost of treating this disease is huge, which places a significant b...

Authors: Fangyu Li, Shuoqi Chen, Cuibai Wei and Jianping Jia

Serum albumin to globulin ratio is related to cognitive decline via reflection of homeostasis: a nested case-control study

Recent research suggests that several pathogenetic factors, including aging, genetics, inflammation, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and infectious diseases, influence cognitive decline (CD) risk. However, no definiti...

Authors: Teruhide Koyama, Nagato Kuriyama, Etsuko Ozaki, Daisuke Matsui, Isao Watanabe, Fumitaro Miyatani, Masaki Kondo, Aiko Tamura, Takashi Kasai, Yoichi Ohshima, Tomokatsu Yoshida, Takahiko Tokuda, Ikuko Mizuta, Shigeto Mizuno, Kei Yamada, Kazuo Takeda…

Ratio of apoB/LDL: a potential clinical index for vascular cognitive impairment

Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI), compared to vascular dementia (VD), has a broader definition and highlights the effect of vascular disease in dementia, and stroke seems play an important role in the devel...

Authors: Cheng Qian and Fei Tan

A profile of The Clinical Course of Cognition and Comorbidity in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Study (The 4C study): two complementary longitudinal, clinical cohorts in the Netherlands

Heterogeneous disease trajectories of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia are frequently encountered in clinical practice, but there is still insufficient knowledge to understand the reasons and mecha...

Authors: Weiqi Liao, Renske E. G. Hamel, Marcel G. M. Olde Rikkert, Saskia M. Oosterveld, Pauline Aalten, Frans R. J. Verhey, Philip Scheltens, Nicole Sistermans, Yolande A. L. Pijnenburg, Wiesje M. van der Flier, Inez H. G. B. Ramakers and René J. F. Melis

Inverse relationship between Alzheimer’s disease and cancer, and other factors contributing to Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review

The AD etiology is yet not properly known. Interactions among environmental factors, multiple susceptibility genes and aging, contribute to AD. This study investigates the factors that play role in causing AD ...

Authors: Ovais Shafi

Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease with unusual initial presentation as posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: a case report

Creutzfeldt - Jakob disease (CJD) is a rapidly progressive and fatal neurodegenerative prion disease. MRI findings are included in diagnostic criteria for probable CJD, giving a sensitivity and specificity mor...

Authors: Edgaras Dirzius, Renata Balnyte, Vesta Steibliene, Rymante Gleizniene, Inga Gudinaviciene, Andrius Radziunas and Kestutis Petrikonis

Association between olfactory identification and cognitive function in community-dwelling elderly: the Shanghai aging study

The smell sense reduction was considered to represent the potentially warning of early stage of neurodegenerative disorders. The Shanghai Aging Study provided us a unique opportunity to explore the association...

Authors: Xiaoniu Liang, Ding Ding, Qianhua Zhao, Qihao Guo, Jianfeng Luo and Zhen Hong

Anxiety and depression symptoms among caregivers of care-recipients with subjective cognitive decline and cognitive impairment

Caregivers of care-recipients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia experience high caregiver burden; however, the psychiatric burden of caregivers of care-recipients with subjective cognitive decli...

Authors: Xiaoniu Liang, Qihao Guo, Jianfeng Luo, Fang Li, Ding Ding, Qianhua Zhao and Zhen Hong

Risk factors for recurrent injurious falls that require hospitalization for older adults with dementia: a population based study

Older adults with dementia are at an increased risk of falls, however, little is known about risk factors for recurrent injurious falls (a subsequent fall after the first fall has occurred) among this group. T...

Authors: Lynn B. Meuleners, Michelle L. Fraser, Max K. Bulsara, Kyle Chow and Jonathon Q. Ng

Decreased IL-8 levels in CSF and serum of AD patients and negative correlation of MMSE and IL-1β

It is widely accepted that neuroinflammatory processes play an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and high levels of cytokines and chemokines are detected around Aβ plaques.

Authors: Raphael Hesse, Anke Wahler, Pauline Gummert, Stefanie Kirschmer, Markus Otto, Hayrettin Tumani, Jan Lewerenz, Cathrin Schnack and Christine A. F. von Arnim

Alpha-synuclein measured in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with Alzheimer’s disease, mild cognitive impairment, or healthy controls: a two year follow-up study

α-Synuclein has been proposed as a potential biomarker for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). However, results from α-synuclein measurements in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) ha...

Authors: Guro Berge, Sigrid B. Sando, Grethe Albrektsen, Camilla Lauridsen, Ina Møller, Gøril R. Grøntvedt, Geir Bråthen and Linda R. White

Bilateral strio-pallido-dentate calcinosis (Fahr’s disease): report of seven cases and revision of literature

Fahr’s disease is rare a neurodegenerative idiopathic condition characterized by symmetric and bilateral calcifications of basal ganglia, usually associated with progressive neuropsychiatric dysfunctions and m...

Authors: Elisabetta Savino, Cecilia Soavi, Eleonora Capatti, Massimo Borrelli, Giovanni B. Vigna, Angelina Passaro and Giovanni Zuliani

Erratum to: PRISM II: an open-label study to assess effectiveness of dextromethorphan/quinidine for pseudobulbar affect in patients with dementia, stroke or traumatic brain injury

Authors: Flora M. Hammond, David N. Alexander, Andrew J. Cutler, Stephen D’Amico, Rachelle S. Doody, William Sauve, Richard D. Zorowitz, Charles S. Davis, Paul Shin, Fred Ledon, Charles Yonan, Andrea E. Formella and Joao Siffert

Cholinesterase inhibitors do not alter the length of stay in nursing homes among patients with Alzheimer’s disease: a prospective, observational study of factors affecting survival time from admission to death

The survival time in nursing homes (NHs) in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) might be affected by sociodemographic/clinical characteristics, rate of disease progression, and use of specific medications and community-b...

Authors: Carina Wattmo, Elisabet Londos and Lennart Minthon

Applied multimodal diagnostics in a case of presenile dementia

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly. The possibility of disease-modifying strategies has evoked a need for early and accurate diagnosis. To improve the accuracy of the ...

Authors: Sonja Schönecker, Matthias Brendel, Marion Huber, Christian Vollmar, Hans-Juergen Huppertz, Stefan Teipel, Nobuyuki Okamura, Johannes Levin, Axel Rominger and Adrian Danek

Case report of Lewy body disease mimicking Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in a 44-year-old man

Few patients are reported with dementia with Lewy bodies before fifty years-old, which may partly reflect the difficulty of accurate diagnosis in young population. We report the case of a 44-year-old male with...

Authors: Laure Saint-Aubert, Jérémie Pariente, Herve Dumas, Pierre Payoux, Jean-Philippe Brandel, Michèle Puel, Anne Vital, Eric Guedj, Suzanne Lesage, Katell Peoc’h, Christine Brefel Courbon and Fabienne Ory Magne

Predicting dementia in primary care patients with a cardiovascular health metric: a prospective population-based study

Improving cardiovascular health possibly decreases the risk of dementia. Primary care practices offer a suitable setting for monitoring and controlling cardiovascular risk factors in the older population. The ...

Authors: Johannes Baltasar Hessler, Karl-Heinz Ander, Monika Brönner, Thorleif Etgen, Hans Förstl, Holger Poppert, Dirk Sander and Horst Bickel

A review of clinical trial designs used to detect a disease-modifying effect of drug therapy in Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease

Disease-modification clinical trials in neurodegenerative disorders have struggled to separate symptomatic effects of putative agents from disease-modification. In response, a variety of clinical trial designs...

Authors: David J. M. McGhee, Craig W. Ritchie, John P. Zajicek and Carl E. Counsell

PRISM II: an open-label study to assess effectiveness of dextromethorphan/quinidine for pseudobulbar affect in patients with dementia, stroke or traumatic brain injury

Phase 3 trials supporting dextromethorphan/quinidine (DM/Q) use as a treatment for pseudobulbar affect (PBA) were conducted in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or multiple sclerosis (MS). The ...

Authors: Flora M. Hammond, David N. Alexander, Andrew J. Cutler, Stephen D’Amico, Rachelle S. Doody, William Sauve, Richard D. Zorowitz, Charles S. Davis, Paul Shin, Fred Ledon, Charles Yonan, Andrea E. Formella and Joao Siffert

Dysexecutive syndrome in amnesic mild cognitive impairment: a multicenter study

Executive functions (EF) in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), classically related to the prefrontal cortex, have been forgotten in mild stages, given more importance to temporal lobe associated disorders, such as memo...

Authors: E. Blanco Martín, I. Ugarriza Serrano, X. Elcoroaristizabal Martín, L. Galdos Alcelay, A. Molano Salazar, R. Bereincua Gandarias, S. Inglés Borda, J. M. Uterga Valiente, M. B. Indakoetxea Juanbeltz, J. Moraza Lopez, M. Barandiarán Amillano and M. Fernández-Martínez

Novel PSEN1 G209A mutation in early-onset Alzheimer dementia supported by structural prediction

Three main genes are described as causative genes for early-onset Alzheimer dementia (EOAD): APP, PSEN1 and PSEN2. We describe a woman with EOAD had a novel PSEN1 mutation.

Authors: Seong Soo A. An, Eva Bagyinszky, Hye Ryoun Kim, Ju-Won Seok, Hae-Won Shin, SeunOh Bae, SangYun Kim and Young Chul Youn

Neuroimaging basis in the conversion of aMCI patients with APOE-ε4 to AD: study protocol of a prospective diagnostic trial

The ε4 allele of the Apolipoprotein E gene (APOE-ε4) is a potent genetic risk factor for sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) is an intermediate state between normal cog...

Authors: Guan-Qun Chen, Can Sheng, Yu-Xia Li, Yang Yu, Xiao-Ni Wang, Yu Sun, Hong-Yan Li, Xuan-Yu Li, Yun-Yan Xie and Ying Han

ICC-dementia (International Centenarian Consortium - dementia): an international consortium to determine the prevalence and incidence of dementia in centenarians across diverse ethnoracial and sociocultural groups

Considerable variability exists in international prevalence and incidence estimates of dementia. The accuracy of estimates of dementia in the oldest-old and the controversial question of whether dementia incid...

Authors: Henry Brodaty, Claudia Woolf, Stacy Andersen, Nir Barzilai, Carol Brayne, Karen Siu-Lan Cheung, Maria M. Corrada, John D. Crawford, Catriona Daly, Yasuyuki Gondo, Bo Hagberg, Nobuyoshi Hirose, Henne Holstege, Claudia Kawas, Jeffrey Kaye, Nicole A. Kochan…

The impact of dementia on drug costs in older people: results from the SNAC study

We aimed to investigate the impact of dementia on drug costs in older people, after adjustment for socio-demographic factors, residential setting and co-morbidities.

Authors: Anders Sköldunger, Johan Fastbom, Anders Wimo, Laura Fratiglioni and Kristina Johnell

Atorvastatin in improvement of cognitive impairments caused by amyloid β in mice: involvement of inflammatory reaction

The production of inflammatory cytokines resulting from amyloid β (Aβ) is associated with the initiation of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Atorvastatin (ATV) has been reported to improve AD, however, it is unclear ...

Authors: Liandong Zhao, Tingting Chen, Chonghui Wang, Guoxi Li, Wenhui Zhi, Jun Yin, Qi Wan and Ling Chen

Understanding and optimizing brain health in HIV now: protocol for a longitudinal cohort study with multiple randomized controlled trials

Chronic HIV infection commonly affects both cognition and mental health, even with excellent systemic viral control. The causes of compromised brain health are likely to be a multi-factorial combination of HIV...

Authors: Nancy E. Mayo, Marie-Josée Brouillette and Lesley K. Fellows

The effect of nucleus basalis magnocellularis deep brain stimulation on memory function in a rat model of dementia

Deep brain stimulation has recently been considered a potential therapy in improving memory function. It has been shown that a change of neurotransmitters has an effect on memory function. However, much about ...

Authors: Ji Eun Lee, Da Un Jeong, Jihyeon Lee, Won Seok Chang and Jin Woo Chang

Correlation of Tc-99 m ethyl cysteinate dimer single-photon emission computed tomography and clinical presentations in patients with low cobalamin status

Cobalamin (Cbl) deficiency has been associated with various neuropsychiatric symptoms of different severities. While some studies dedicated in structural neuroimaging credibly address negative impact of low Cb...

Authors: Min-Chien Tu, Chung-Ping Lo, Ching-Yuan Chen and Ching-Feng Huang

Non-neuronal and neuronal BACE1 elevation in association with angiopathic and leptomeningeal β-amyloid deposition in the human brain

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) refers to the deposition of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides in the wall of brain vasculature, commonly involving capillaries and arterioles. Also being considered a part of CAA is the...

Authors: Zhi-Qin Xue, Zheng-Wen He, Jian-Jun Yu, Yan Cai, Wen-Ying Qiu, Aihua Pan, Wei-Ping Gai, Huaibin Cai, Xue-Gang Luo, Chao Ma and Xiao-Xin Yan

The influence of cholinesterase inhibitor therapy for dementia on risk of cardiac pacemaker insertion: a retrospective, population-based, health administrative databases study in Ontario, Canada

Cholinesterase inhibitors are used to treat the symptoms of dementia and can theoretically cause bradycardia. Previous studies suggest that patients taking these medications have an increased risk of undergoin...

Authors: Allen R Huang, Calum J Redpath and Carl van Walraven

Differential diagnosis of depression and Alzheimer’s disease with the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-Revised (ACE-R)

One of the usual problems psychologists and clinicians face in clinical practice is differential diagnostics of Alzheimer’s disease and depression. It has been reported that the ACE and ACE-R could discriminat...

Authors: Augustinas Rotomskis, Ramunė Margevičiūtė, Arūnas Germanavičius, Gintaras Kaubrys, Valmantas Budrys and Albinas Bagdonas

APOE ε4 moderates abnormal CSF-abeta-42 levels, while neurocognitive impairment is associated with abnormal CSF tau levels in HIV+ individuals – a cross-sectional observational study

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers Aβ1-42, t-tau and p-tau have a characteristic pattern in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Their roles in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) remains unclear.

Authors: Lucette A Cysique, Timothy Hewitt, Juliana Croitoru-Lamoury, Kevin Taddei, Ralph N Martins, Constance SN Chew, Nicholas NWS Davies, Patricia Price and Bruce J Brew

Proteinase-activated receptor 2 and disease biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid in cases with autopsy-confirmed prion diseases and other neurodegenerative diseases

Proteinase-activated receptor 2 (PAR-2) has been shown to promote both neurotoxic and neuroprotective effects. Similarly, other routinely used nonspecific markers of neuronal damage can be found in cerebrospin...

Authors: Zdenek Rohan, Magdalena Smetakova, Jaromir Kukal, Robert Rusina and Radoslav Matej

Decision tree analysis of genetic risk for clinically heterogeneous Alzheimer’s disease

Heritability of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is estimated at 74% and genetic contributors have been widely sought. The ε4 allele of apolipoprotein E (APOE) remains the strongest common risk factor for AD, with numero...

Authors: Jennifer S Yokoyama, Luke W Bonham, Renee L Sears, Eric Klein, Anna Karydas, Joel H Kramer, Bruce L Miller and Giovanni Coppola

Disparate voxel based morphometry (VBM) results between SPM and FSL softwares in ALS patients with frontotemporal dementia: which VBM results to consider?

Because our previous study showed disparate voxel based morphometry (VBM) results between SPM and FSL softwares in the brain of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients with frontotemporal dementia (ALS-FTD), we...

Authors: Venkateswaran Rajagopalan and Erik P Pioro

Effect of nicotinamide mononucleotide on brain mitochondrial respiratory deficits in an Alzheimer’s disease-relevant murine model

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), with morphological and functional abnormalities limiting the electron transport chain and ATP productio...

Authors: Aaron N Long, Katrina Owens, Anna E Schlappal, Tibor Kristian, Paul S Fishman and Rosemary A Schuh

Thinner changes of the retinal nerve fiber layer in patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and patients often have visual disorders. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is characterized by a memory deficit when compared with those of a similar...

Authors: Dachuan Liu, Lina Zhang, Zhen Li, Xuxiang Zhang, Yue Wu, Huiqing Yang, Baoquan Min, Xinqing Zhang, Daqing Ma and Yan Lu

Antibodies against phosphorylcholine are not altered in plasma of patients with Alzheimer’s disease

Phosphorylcholine is one of the major epitopes of oxidised low density lipoprotein. Low levels of IgM antibodies against phosphorylcholine (anti-PC) are associated with development of myocardial infarction and...

Authors: Edina Silajdžić, Maria Björkqvist and Oskar Hansson

The Dutch Parelsnoer Institute - Neurodegenerative diseases; methods, design and baseline results

The Parelsnoer Institute is a collaboration between 8 Dutch University Medical Centers in which clinical data and biomaterials from patients suffering from chronic diseases (so called “Pearls”) are collected acco...

Authors: Pauline Aalten, Inez HGB Ramakers, Geert Jan Biessels, Peter Paul de Deyn, Huiberdina L Koek, Marcel GM OldeRikkert, Ania M Oleksik, Edo Richard, Lieke L Smits, John C van Swieten, Laura K Teune, Aad van der Lugt, Frederik Barkhof, Charlotte E Teunissen, Nico Rozendaal, Frans RJ Verhey…

Post-stroke memory impairment among patients with vascular mild cognitive impairment

The American Stroke Association/American Heart Association recommended the criteria for diagnosis of vascular cognitive impairment and memory impairment (MI) is a feature in the classification of vascular mild...

Authors: Soo-Jin Cho, Kyung-Ho Yu, Mi Sun Oh, San Jung, Ju-Hun Lee, Im-Seok Koh, Hee-Joon Bae, Yeonwook Kang and Byung-Chul Lee

Donepezil can improve daily activities and promote rehabilitation for severe Alzheimer’s patients in long-term care health facilities

Cholinesterase inhibitors can delay the progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Several clinical trials of the drug in moderate to severe AD have consistently reported clinically positive effects. A combining ef...

Authors: Kenichi Meguro, Yoshitaka Ouchi, Kyoko Akanuma, Mitsue Meguro and Mari Kasai

Early onset frontotemporal dementia with psychiatric presentation due to the C9ORF72 hexanucleotide repeat expansion: a case report

Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) may present with psychiatric symptoms, usually together with neurological ones and in cases with a family history of dementia. We describe the case of an FTD behavioural variant w...

Authors: Carla Gramaglia, Roberto Cantello, Emanuela Terazzi, Miryam Carecchio, Sandra D’Alfonso, Nunzia Chieppa, Francesca Ressico, Maria Cristina Rizza and Patrizia Zeppegno

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease mimicking autoimmune encephalitis with CASPR2 antibodies

Differential diagnosis of severe progressive dementia includes a wide spectrum of inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. Particularly challenging is the differentiation of potentially treatable autoimmun...

Authors: Frédéric Zuhorn, Almut Hübenthal, Andreas Rogalewski, Müjgan Dogan Onugoren, Markus Glatzel, Christian G Bien and Wolf-Rüdiger Schäbitz

Inverse correlation between Alzheimer’s disease and cancer: implication for a strong impact of regenerative propensity on neurodegeneration?

Recent studies have revealed an inverse epidemiological correlation between Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and cancer − patients with AD show a reduced risk of cancer, while cancer survivors are less likely to devel...

Authors: Jian-Ming Li, Chao Liu, Xia Hu, Yan Cai, Chao Ma, Xue-Gang Luo and Xiao-Xin Yan

The Cambridge Centre for Ageing and Neuroscience (Cam-CAN) study protocol: a cross-sectional, lifespan, multidisciplinary examination of healthy cognitive ageing

As greater numbers of us are living longer, it is increasingly important to understand how we can age healthily. Although old age is often stereotyped as a time of declining mental abilities and inflexibility,...

Authors: Meredith A Shafto, Lorraine K Tyler, Marie Dixon, Jason R Taylor, James B Rowe, Rhodri Cusack, Andrew J Calder, William D Marslen-Wilson, John Duncan, Tim Dalgleish, Richard N Henson, Carol Brayne and Fiona E Matthews

Optimizing the use of expert panel reference diagnoses in diagnostic studies of multidimensional syndromes

In the absence of a gold standard, a panel of experts can be invited to assign a reference diagnosis for use in research. Available literature offers limited guidance on assembling and working with an expert p...

Authors: Ron L H Handels, Claire A G Wolfs, Pauline Aalten, Patrick M M Bossuyt, Manuela A Joore, Albert F G Leentjens, Johan L Severens and Frans R J Verhey

Diagnostic tools for alzheimer's disease dementia and other dementias: an overview of diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) systematic reviews

Dementia includes a group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by progressive loss of cognitive function and a decrease in the ability to perform activities of daily living. Systematic reviews of diagn...

Authors: Ingrid Arevalo-Rodriguez, Omar Segura, Ivan Solà, Xavier Bonfill, Erick Sanchez and Pablo Alonso-Coello

Increased risk of hip fractures in patients with dementia: a nationwide population-based study

Dementia has been associated with an increased risk of hip fracture. However, little research has been conducted on the impact of dementia on wrist or vertebral fracture development. The aim of this study was ...

Authors: Hao-Kuang Wang, Chao-Ming Hung, Sheng-Hsiang Lin, Yi-Cheng Tai, Kang Lu, Po-Chou Liliang, Chi-Wei Lin, Yi-Che Lee, Pei-Hsuan Fang, Li-Ching Chang and Ying-Chun Li

Response to cholinesterase inhibitors affects lifespan in Alzheimer's disease

A varying response to cholinesterase inhibitor (ChEI) treatment has been reported among patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Whether the individual-specific response, specific ChEI agent or dose affects mor...

Authors: Carina Wattmo, Elisabet Londos and Lennart Minthon

Symptomatic aggravation after corticosteroid pulse therapy in definite sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease with the feature of Hashimoto's encephalopathy

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and Hashimoto's encephalopathy often show similar clinical presentation. Among Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease mimics, Hashimoto's encephalopathy is particularly important as it is treatabl...

Authors: Jae-Won Jang, So Young Park, Young Ho Park, Jung E Kim and SangYun Kim