Dementias

Antibody-LGI 1 autoimmune encephalitis manifesting as rapidly progressive dementia and hyponatremia: a case report and literature review

Anti leucine-rich glioma inactivated 1 (LGI1) encephalitis is a rare autoimmune encephalitis (AE), characterized by acute or subacute cognitive impairment, faciobrachial dystonic seizures, psychiatric disturba...

Authors: Xuanting Li, Junliang Yuan, Lei Liu and Wenli Hu

Is traumatic brain injury a risk factor for neurodegeneration? A meta-analysis of population-based studies

To determine the association of prior traumatic brain injury (TBI) with subsequent diagnosis of neurodegeneration disease.

Authors: Chi-Hsien Huang, Chi-Wei Lin, Yi-Che Lee, Chih-Yuan Huang, Ru-Yi Huang, Yi-Cheng Tai, Kuo-Wei Wang, San-Nan Yang, Yuan-Ting Sun and Hao-kuang Wang

Neurological signs as early determinants of dementia and predictors of mortality among older adults in Latin America: a 10/66 study using the NEUROEX assessment

Neurodegenerative processes in the elderly damage the brain, leading to progressive, incapacitating cognitive, behavioral, and motor dysfunctions which culminate in dementia. Fully manifest dementia is likely ...

Authors: Lorenzo Pasquini, Jorge Llibre Guerra, Martin Prince, Kia-Chong Chua and A. Matthew Prina

Salivary beta amyloid protein levels are detectable and differentiate patients with Alzheimer’s disease dementia from normal controls: preliminary findings

Peripheral diagnostics for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) continue to be developed. Diagnostics capable of detecting AD before the onset of symptoms are particularly desirable, and, given the fact that early detecti...

Authors: Marwan N Sabbagh, Jiong Shi, Moonhee Lee, Lisa Arnold, Yazan Al-Hasan, Jennifer Heim and Patrick McGeer

Hyperuricemia and dementia – a case-control study

There is evidence that uric acid may have antioxidant and neuroprotective effects and might therefore alter the risk for neurodegenerative diseases such as dementia. So far, the relation between serum uric aci...

Authors: Bettina Engel, Willy Gomm, Karl Broich, Wolfgang Maier, Klaus Weckbecker and Britta Haenisch

Planning for an uncertain future in progressive neurological disease: a qualitative study of patient and family decision-making with a focus on eating and drinking

Dysphagia and other eating and drinking difficulties are common in progressive neurological diseases. Mealtimes can become a major source of difficulty and anxiety for patients and their families. Decisions ab...

Authors: Gemma Clarke, Elizabeth Fistein, Anthony Holland, Jake Tobin, Sam Barclay and Stephen Barclay

[¹⁸F]THK-5351 PET imaging in early-stage semantic variant primary progressive aphasia: a report of two cases and a literature review

Semantic variant primary progressive aphasia (svPPA) is a subtype of primary progressive aphasia characterized by two-way anomia and disturbance in word comprehension, with focal atrophy in the left temporal l...

Authors: Ryota Kobayashi, Hiroshi Hayashi, Shinobu Kawakatsu, Aiko Ishiki, Nobuyuki Okamura, Hiroyuki Arai and Koichi Otani

Shanghai cognitive intervention of mild cognitive impairment for delaying progress with longitudinal evaluation-a prospective, randomized controlled study (SIMPLE): rationale, design, and methodology

Mild cognitive impairment is an early stage of Alzheimer’s disease. Increasing evidence has indicated that cognitive training could improve cognitive abilities of MCI patients in multiple cognitive domains, ma...

Authors: Yiqi Lin, Binyin Li, Huidong Tang, Qun Xu, Yuncheng Wu, Qi Cheng, Chunbo Li, Shifu Xiao, Lu Shen, Weiguo Tang, Hui Yu, Naying He, Huawei Lin, Fuhua Yan, Wenwei Cao, Shilin Yang…

Clinical characteristics and short-term prognosis of LGI1 antibody encephalitis: a retrospective case study

Recently, most reports of Leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1) antibody encephalitis are from Europe and the US, while the short term outcome and clinical characteristics of Chinese patients are rarely rep...

Authors: Weishuai Li, Si Wu, Qingping Meng, Xiaotian Zhang, Yang Guo, Lin Cong, Shuyan Cong and Dongming Zheng

TDP-43 as a potential biomarker for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) are incurable, progressive and fatal neurodegenerative diseases with patients variably affected clinically by motor, behavior, and cognitiv...

Authors: Vivek Majumder, Jenna M. Gregory, Marcelo A. Barria, Alison Green and Suvankar Pal

Differentiation of neuropsychological features between posterior cortical atrophy and early onset Alzheimer’s disease

Posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) is a group of clinical syndromes characterized by visuospatial and visuoperceptual impairment, with memory relatively preserved. Although PCA is pathologically almost identical...

Authors: Jieying Li, Liyong Wu, Yi Tang, Aihong Zhou, Fen Wang, Yi Xing and Jianping Jia

The behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia phenocopy syndrome is a distinct entity - evidence from a longitudinal study

This study aimed to i) examine the frequency of C9orf72 expansions in a cohort of patients with the behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) phenocopy syndrome, ii) observe outcomes in a group of pheno...

Authors: E. Devenney, T. Swinn, E. Mioshi, M. Hornberger, K. E. Dawson, S. Mead, J. B. Rowe and J. R. Hodges

Case series of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in a third-level hospital in Quito

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is a rare and fatal neurodegenerative disorder that affects mammals and humans. The prevalence of this disease in the United States is 0.5 to 1 per million inhabitants. So far in Ecua...

Authors: Germaine Eleanor Torres Herrán, Andrés Damián Ortega Herrera, Braulio Martinez Burbano, Marcos Serrano-Dueñas, María Angélica Ortiz Yepez, Raúl Alberto Barrera Madera, Luis Alfredo Masabanda Campaña, Guillermo David Baño Jiménez, Denny Maritza Santos Saltos and Edgar Patricio Correa Díaz

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease with Alzheimer pathology, presenting with status epilepticus following repeated partial seizures: a case report and literature review

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease. Common first symptoms are dementia, cerebellar ataxia, visual disturbance, and psychiatric symptoms. Seizure as the first symptom of CJD is...

Authors: Keita Miyake, Takashi Hara, Etsuko Oshima, Kiyohiro Kawada, Hideki Ishizu, Yuko Yamauchi, Katsuya Satoh, Tetsuyuki Kitamoto, Shintaro Takenoshita, Seishi Terada and Norihito Yamada

Rationale and design of the CAROLINA® - cognition substudy: a randomised controlled trial on cognitive outcomes of linagliptin versus glimepiride in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with cognitive dysfunction and an increased risk of dementia. Linagliptin is a glucose-lowering agent of the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor class that is of p...

Authors: Geert Jan Biessels, Jolien Janssen, Esther van den Berg, Bernard Zinman, Mark A. Espeland, Michaela Mattheus and Odd Erik Johansen

Revealing Alzheimer’s disease genes spectrum in the whole-genome by machine learning

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an important, progressive neurodegenerative disease, with a complex genetic architecture. A key goal of biomedical research is to seek out disease risk genes, and to elucidate the f...

Authors: Xiaoyan Huang, Hankui Liu, Xinming Li, Liping Guan, Jiankang Li, Laurent Christian Asker M. Tellier, Huanming Yang, Jian Wang and Jianguo Zhang

Plasma long non-coding RNA BACE1 as a novel biomarker for diagnosis of Alzheimer disease

Long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) have been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, but whether it can serve as a biomarker for Alzheimer disease (AD) is not yet known.

Authors: Liang Feng, Yu-Ting Liao, Jin-Cai He, Cheng-Long Xie, Si-Yan Chen, Hui-Hui Fan, Zhi-Peng Su and Zhen Wang

Widespread enlarged perivascular spaces associated with dementia and focal brain dysfunction: case report

Enlarged perivascular spaces (PVS) are common magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, whereas widespread enlarged PVS are extremely rare. Although most patients with widespread enlarged PVS remain asymptoma...

Authors: Daisuke Taniguchi, Hideki Shimura, Masao Watanabe, Nobutaka Hattori and Takao Urabe

Effects of Homocysteine on white matter diffusion parameters in Alzheimer’s disease

The clinical features of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are related to brain network degeneration, and hyperhomocysteinemia is related to greater white matter hyperintensities. We investigated the changes in four di...

Authors: Chen-Chang Lee, Shih-Wei Hsu, Chi-Wei Huang, Wen-Neng Chang, Sz-Fan Chen, Ming-Kung Wu, Chiung-Chih Chang, Lain-Chyr Hwang and Po-Chou Chen

A novel frameshift GRN mutation results in frontotemporal lobar degeneration with a distinct clinical phenotype in two siblings: case report and literature review

Progranulin gene (GRN) mutations are major causes of frontotemporal lobar degeneration. To date, 68 pathogenic GRN mutations have been identified. However, very few of these mutations have been reported in Asians...

Authors: Takashi Hosaka, Kazuhiro Ishii, Takeshi Miura, Naomi Mezaki, Kensaku Kasuga, Takeshi Ikeuchi and Akira Tamaoka

Can brain impermeable BACE1 inhibitors serve as anti-CAA medicine?

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is characterized by the deposition of ß-amyloid peptides (Aß) in and surrounding the wall of microvasculature in the central nervous system, together with parenchymal amyloid ...

Authors: Jian-Ming Li, Li-Ling Huang, Fei Liu, Bei-Sha Tang and Xiao-Xin Yan

Relationship between serum uric acid level and mild cognitive impairment in Chinese community elderly

To evaluate the association between SUA levels within a normal to high range and the risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among community elderly.

Authors: Miao Liu, Jianhua Wang, Jing Zeng and Yao He

Comparison of neuropsychiatric symptoms and diffusion tensor imaging correlates among patients with subcortical ischemic vascular disease and Alzheimer’s disease

The causes of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) vary according to the dementia subtype and associated neuropathology. The present study aimed to (i) compare BPSD between patients with su...

Authors: Min-Chien Tu, Wen-Hui Huang, Yen-Hsuan Hsu, Chung-Ping Lo, Jie Fu Deng and Ching-Feng Huang

Characteristic differences in the mini-mental state examination used in Asian countries

The mini-mental state examination (MMSE) was adapted by individual countries according to their languages and cultures, though it has not been systematically compared. The objective of this study was to compar...

Authors: Yong S. Shim, Dong Won Yang, Hee-Jin Kim, Young Ho Park and SangYun Kim

Biochemical markers in vascular cognitive impairment associated with subcortical small vessel disease - A consensus report

Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is a heterogeneous entity with multiple aetiologies, all linked to underlying vascular disease. Among these, VCI related to subcortical small vessel disease (SSVD) is emergi...

Authors: A. Wallin, E. Kapaki, M. Boban, S. Engelborghs, D. M. Hermann, B. Huisa, M. Jonsson, M. G. Kramberger, L. Lossi, B. Malojcic, S. Mehrabian, A. Merighi, E. B. Mukaetova-Ladinska, G. P. Paraskevas, B. O. Popescu, R. Ravid…

Voxel-wise correlations between cognition and cerebral blood flow using arterial spin-labeled perfusion MRI in patients with Alzheimer’s disease: a cross-sectional study

To analyze voxel-wise correlation between cerebral blood flow (CBF) measured using ASL-MRI and cognition in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD).

Authors: Tomohiro Kaneta, Omi Katsuse, Takamasa Hirano, Matsuyoshi Ogawa, Ayako Shihikura-Hino, Keisuke Yoshida, Toshinari Odawara, Yoshio Hirayasu and Tomio Inoue

An unusual delusion of duplication in a patient affected by Dementia with Lewy bodies

Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is the second most frequent diagnosis of progressive degenerative dementia in older people. Delusions are common features in DLB and, among them, Capgras syndrome represents the...

Authors: Paolo Solla, Gioia Mura, Antonino Cannas, Gianluca Floris, Davide Fonti, Gianni Orofino, Mauro Giovanni Carta and Francesco Marrosu

Study protocol: Insight 46 – a neuroscience sub-study of the MRC National Survey of Health and Development

Increasing age is the biggest risk factor for dementia, of which Alzheimer’s disease is the commonest cause. The pathological changes underpinning Alzheimer’s disease are thought to develop at least a decade p...

Authors: Christopher A. Lane, Thomas D. Parker, Dave M. Cash, Kirsty Macpherson, Elizabeth Donnachie, Heidi Murray-Smith, Anna Barnes, Suzie Barker, Daniel G. Beasley, Jose Bras, David Brown, Ninon Burgos, Michelle Byford, M. Jorge Cardoso, Ana Carvalho, Jessica Collins…

Big data and data repurposing - using existing data to answer new questions in vascular dementia research

Traditional approaches to clinical research have, as yet, failed to provide effective treatments for vascular dementia (VaD). Novel approaches to collation and synthesis of data may allow for time and cost eff...

Authors: Fergus N. Doubal, Myzoon Ali, G. David Batty, Andreas Charidimou, Maria Eriksdotter, Martin Hofmann-Apitius, Yun-Hee Kim, Deborah A. Levine, Gillian Mead, Hermann A. M. Mucke, Craig W. Ritchie, Charlotte J. Roberts, Tom C. Russ, Robert Stewart, William Whiteley and Terence J. Quinn

Bapineuzumab for mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a globally prevalent neurodegenerative condition, clinically characterized by progressive memory loss and gradual impairment of cognitive functions. Bapineuzumab is a fully humanize...

Authors: Abdelrahman Ibrahim Abushouk, Ahmed Elmaraezy, Amro Aglan, Reham Salama, Samar Fouda, Rana Fouda and Ammar M. AlSafadi

Cilostazol as an add-on therapy for patients with Alzheimer’s disease in Taiwan: a case control study

Combination therapy using acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) and cilostazol is of unknown efficacy for patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD).

Authors: Shu-Yu Tai, Chun-Hung Chen, Chen-Yu Chien and Yuan-Han Yang

Monetary costs of Alzheimer’s disease in China: protocol for a cluster-randomised observational study

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia. International multilateral cost-of-illness (COI) studies have revealed that the cost of treating this disease is huge, which places a significant b...

Authors: Fangyu Li, Shuoqi Chen, Cuibai Wei and Jianping Jia

Serum albumin to globulin ratio is related to cognitive decline via reflection of homeostasis: a nested case-control study

Recent research suggests that several pathogenetic factors, including aging, genetics, inflammation, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and infectious diseases, influence cognitive decline (CD) risk. However, no definiti...

Authors: Teruhide Koyama, Nagato Kuriyama, Etsuko Ozaki, Daisuke Matsui, Isao Watanabe, Fumitaro Miyatani, Masaki Kondo, Aiko Tamura, Takashi Kasai, Yoichi Ohshima, Tomokatsu Yoshida, Takahiko Tokuda, Ikuko Mizuta, Shigeto Mizuno, Kei Yamada, Kazuo Takeda…

Ratio of apoB/LDL: a potential clinical index for vascular cognitive impairment

Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI), compared to vascular dementia (VD), has a broader definition and highlights the effect of vascular disease in dementia, and stroke seems play an important role in the devel...

Authors: Cheng Qian and Fei Tan

A profile of The Clinical Course of Cognition and Comorbidity in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Study (The 4C study): two complementary longitudinal, clinical cohorts in the Netherlands

Heterogeneous disease trajectories of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia are frequently encountered in clinical practice, but there is still insufficient knowledge to understand the reasons and mecha...

Authors: Weiqi Liao, Renske E. G. Hamel, Marcel G. M. Olde Rikkert, Saskia M. Oosterveld, Pauline Aalten, Frans R. J. Verhey, Philip Scheltens, Nicole Sistermans, Yolande A. L. Pijnenburg, Wiesje M. van der Flier, Inez H. G. B. Ramakers and René J. F. Melis

Inverse relationship between Alzheimer’s disease and cancer, and other factors contributing to Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review

The AD etiology is yet not properly known. Interactions among environmental factors, multiple susceptibility genes and aging, contribute to AD. This study investigates the factors that play role in causing AD ...

Authors: Ovais Shafi

Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease with unusual initial presentation as posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: a case report

Creutzfeldt - Jakob disease (CJD) is a rapidly progressive and fatal neurodegenerative prion disease. MRI findings are included in diagnostic criteria for probable CJD, giving a sensitivity and specificity mor...

Authors: Edgaras Dirzius, Renata Balnyte, Vesta Steibliene, Rymante Gleizniene, Inga Gudinaviciene, Andrius Radziunas and Kestutis Petrikonis

Association between olfactory identification and cognitive function in community-dwelling elderly: the Shanghai aging study

The smell sense reduction was considered to represent the potentially warning of early stage of neurodegenerative disorders. The Shanghai Aging Study provided us a unique opportunity to explore the association...

Authors: Xiaoniu Liang, Ding Ding, Qianhua Zhao, Qihao Guo, Jianfeng Luo and Zhen Hong

Anxiety and depression symptoms among caregivers of care-recipients with subjective cognitive decline and cognitive impairment

Caregivers of care-recipients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia experience high caregiver burden; however, the psychiatric burden of caregivers of care-recipients with subjective cognitive decli...

Authors: Xiaoniu Liang, Qihao Guo, Jianfeng Luo, Fang Li, Ding Ding, Qianhua Zhao and Zhen Hong

Risk factors for recurrent injurious falls that require hospitalization for older adults with dementia: a population based study

Older adults with dementia are at an increased risk of falls, however, little is known about risk factors for recurrent injurious falls (a subsequent fall after the first fall has occurred) among this group. T...

Authors: Lynn B. Meuleners, Michelle L. Fraser, Max K. Bulsara, Kyle Chow and Jonathon Q. Ng

Decreased IL-8 levels in CSF and serum of AD patients and negative correlation of MMSE and IL-1β

It is widely accepted that neuroinflammatory processes play an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and high levels of cytokines and chemokines are detected around Aβ plaques.

Authors: Raphael Hesse, Anke Wahler, Pauline Gummert, Stefanie Kirschmer, Markus Otto, Hayrettin Tumani, Jan Lewerenz, Cathrin Schnack and Christine A. F. von Arnim

Alpha-synuclein measured in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with Alzheimer’s disease, mild cognitive impairment, or healthy controls: a two year follow-up study

α-Synuclein has been proposed as a potential biomarker for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). However, results from α-synuclein measurements in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) ha...

Authors: Guro Berge, Sigrid B. Sando, Grethe Albrektsen, Camilla Lauridsen, Ina Møller, Gøril R. Grøntvedt, Geir Bråthen and Linda R. White

Bilateral strio-pallido-dentate calcinosis (Fahr’s disease): report of seven cases and revision of literature

Fahr’s disease is rare a neurodegenerative idiopathic condition characterized by symmetric and bilateral calcifications of basal ganglia, usually associated with progressive neuropsychiatric dysfunctions and m...

Authors: Elisabetta Savino, Cecilia Soavi, Eleonora Capatti, Massimo Borrelli, Giovanni B. Vigna, Angelina Passaro and Giovanni Zuliani

Erratum to: PRISM II: an open-label study to assess effectiveness of dextromethorphan/quinidine for pseudobulbar affect in patients with dementia, stroke or traumatic brain injury

Authors: Flora M. Hammond, David N. Alexander, Andrew J. Cutler, Stephen D’Amico, Rachelle S. Doody, William Sauve, Richard D. Zorowitz, Charles S. Davis, Paul Shin, Fred Ledon, Charles Yonan, Andrea E. Formella and Joao Siffert

Cholinesterase inhibitors do not alter the length of stay in nursing homes among patients with Alzheimer’s disease: a prospective, observational study of factors affecting survival time from admission to death

The survival time in nursing homes (NHs) in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) might be affected by sociodemographic/clinical characteristics, rate of disease progression, and use of specific medications and community-b...

Authors: Carina Wattmo, Elisabet Londos and Lennart Minthon

Applied multimodal diagnostics in a case of presenile dementia

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly. The possibility of disease-modifying strategies has evoked a need for early and accurate diagnosis. To improve the accuracy of the ...

Authors: Sonja Schönecker, Matthias Brendel, Marion Huber, Christian Vollmar, Hans-Juergen Huppertz, Stefan Teipel, Nobuyuki Okamura, Johannes Levin, Axel Rominger and Adrian Danek

Case report of Lewy body disease mimicking Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in a 44-year-old man

Few patients are reported with dementia with Lewy bodies before fifty years-old, which may partly reflect the difficulty of accurate diagnosis in young population. We report the case of a 44-year-old male with...

Authors: Laure Saint-Aubert, Jérémie Pariente, Herve Dumas, Pierre Payoux, Jean-Philippe Brandel, Michèle Puel, Anne Vital, Eric Guedj, Suzanne Lesage, Katell Peoc’h, Christine Brefel Courbon and Fabienne Ory Magne

Predicting dementia in primary care patients with a cardiovascular health metric: a prospective population-based study

Improving cardiovascular health possibly decreases the risk of dementia. Primary care practices offer a suitable setting for monitoring and controlling cardiovascular risk factors in the older population. The ...

Authors: Johannes Baltasar Hessler, Karl-Heinz Ander, Monika Brönner, Thorleif Etgen, Hans Förstl, Holger Poppert, Dirk Sander and Horst Bickel

A review of clinical trial designs used to detect a disease-modifying effect of drug therapy in Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease

Disease-modification clinical trials in neurodegenerative disorders have struggled to separate symptomatic effects of putative agents from disease-modification. In response, a variety of clinical trial designs...

Authors: David J. M. McGhee, Craig W. Ritchie, John P. Zajicek and Carl E. Counsell

PRISM II: an open-label study to assess effectiveness of dextromethorphan/quinidine for pseudobulbar affect in patients with dementia, stroke or traumatic brain injury

Phase 3 trials supporting dextromethorphan/quinidine (DM/Q) use as a treatment for pseudobulbar affect (PBA) were conducted in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or multiple sclerosis (MS). The ...

Authors: Flora M. Hammond, David N. Alexander, Andrew J. Cutler, Stephen D’Amico, Rachelle S. Doody, William Sauve, Richard D. Zorowitz, Charles S. Davis, Paul Shin, Fred Ledon, Charles Yonan, Andrea E. Formella and Joao Siffert