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Neurocritical care

Section edited by Andreas Meisel

This section covers life-threatening diseases of the central or peripheral nervous systems. Topics include, but are not limited to, coma, status epilepticus, intracranial hemorrhages, neurotrauma, delirium, metabolic encephalopathies, severe stroke, anoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, central nervous system infections and inflammations, Guillain-Barre syndrome, myasthenia gravis crises, intoxications and withdrawal states.

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  1. The “Status Epilepticus Severity Score” (STESS) is the most important clinical score to predict in-hospital mortality of patients with status epilepticus (SE), but its prognostic relevance for long-term surviv...

    Authors: Preben Aukland, Martin Lando, Ole Vilholm, Elsebeth Bruun Christiansen and Christoph Patrick Beier

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2016 16:213

    Content type: Research article

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  2. The Qatari law, as in many other countries, uses brain death as the main criteria for organ donation and cessation of medical support. By contrast, most of the public in Qatar do not agree with the limitation ...

    Authors: Saibu George, Merlin Thomas, Wanis H. Ibrahim, Ahmed Abdussalam, Prem Chandra, Husain Shabbir Ali and Tasleem Raza

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2016 16:207

    Content type: Research article

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  3. Assessing primary rehabilitation needs in patients with acquired brain injury is a challenge due to case complexity and the heterogeneity of symptoms after brain injury. The Rehabilitation Complexity Scale-Ext...

    Authors: Thomas Maribo, Asger R. Pedersen, Jim Jensen and Jørgen F. Nielsen

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2016 16:205

    Content type: Research article

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  4. Clobazam (CLB) is a well characterized antiepileptic drug (AED) that differs from other benzodiazepines by its basic chemical structure and pharmacodynamic properties. Only one previous study examined the effi...

    Authors: Dominik Madžar, Anna Geyer, Ruben U. Knappe, Stephanie Gollwitzer, Joji B. Kuramatsu, Stefan T. Gerner, Hajo M. Hamer and Hagen B. Huttner

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2016 16:202

    Content type: Research article

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  6. Sleep-wake disturbances are frequently reported following traumatic brain injury (TBI), but they remain poorly documented in the acute stage of injury. Little is known about their origin and evolution.

    Authors: Catherine Duclos, Marie Dumont, Marie-Julie Potvin, Alex Desautels, Danielle Gilbert, David K Menon, Francis Bernard and Nadia Gosselin

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2016 16:186

    Content type: Case report

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  7. Patients who experience severe brain injuries are at risk of secondary brain damage, because of delayed vasospasm and edema. Traditionally, many of these patients are kept on prolonged bed rest in order to mai...

    Authors: A. Rocca, J.-M. Pignat, L. Berney, J. Jöhr, D. Van de Ville, R. T. Daniel, M. Levivier, L. Hirt, A. R. Luft, E. Grouzmann and K. Diserens

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2016 16:169

    Content type: Research article

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  8. Bacterial meningitis is associated with significant morbidity and mortality despite advances in medical care. The main objective of this study was to assess the association of adjunctive dexamethasone treatmen...

    Authors: Esayas Kebede Gudina, Markos Tesfaye, Aynishet Adane, Kinfe Lemma, Tamiru Shibiru, Andreas Wieser, Hans-Walter Pfister and Matthias Klein

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2016 16:153

    Content type: Research article

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  9. Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) is recognized as one of the most effective treatments for heroin addiction but its effect is dimmed by the high incidence of heroin relapse. However, underlying neurobiolo...

    Authors: Haifeng Chang, Wei Li, Qiang Li, Jiajie Chen, Jia Zhu, Jianjun Ye, Jierong Liu, Zhe Li, Yongbin Li, Ming Shi, Yarong Wang and Wei Wang

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2016 16:145

    Content type: Research article

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  10. Anti-NMDA-receptor encephalitis is an immune-mediated inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system. Brain MRI is unremarkable in at least 50 % of patients and highly variable in the remaining patients w...

    Authors: Harald Hegen, Christian Uprimny, Astrid Grams, Irene Virgolini, Melanie Ramberger, Ronny Beer, Raimund Helbok, Bettina Pfausler and Erich Schmutzhard

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2016 16:130

    Content type: Case report

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  11. In vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) studies on brain in HIV infected patients have shown significant alteration in neuro-biochemicals.

    Authors: Devender Bairwa, Virendra Kumar, Surabhi Vyas, Bimal Kumar Das, Achal Kumar Srivastava, Ravinder M. Pandey, Surendra K. Sharma, Naranamangalam R. Jagannathan and Sanjeev Sinha

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2016 16:99

    Content type: Research article

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  13. The conjunctival microcirculation has potential as a window to cerebral perfusion due to related blood supply, close anatomical proximity and easy accessibility for microcirculatory imaging technique, such as ...

    Authors: Tomas Tamosuitis, Andrius Pranskunas, Neringa Balciuniene, Vidas Pilvinis and E. Christiaan Boerma

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2016 16:95

    Content type: Research article

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  14. An understanding of the kinetics of a biomarker is essential to its interpretation. Despite this, little kinetic modelling of blood biomarkers can be found in the literature. S100b is an astrocyte related mark...

    Authors: A. Ercole, E. P. Thelin, A. Holst, B. M. Bellander and D. W. Nelson

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2016 16:93

    Content type: Research article

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  15. Patients with a history of mild TBI (post-mTBI-patients) have an unexplained increase in long-term mortality which might be related to central autonomic dysregulation (CAD). We investigated whether standardize...

    Authors: Max J. Hilz, Mao Liu, Julia Koehn, Ruihao Wang, Fabian Ammon, Steven R. Flanagan and Katharina M. Hösl

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2016 16:61

    Content type: Research article

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  16. The noble gas xenon is considered as a neuroprotective agent, but availability of the gas is limited. Studies on neuroprotection with the abundant noble gases helium and argon demonstrated mixed results, and d...

    Authors: Patrick Zuercher, Dirk Springe, Denis Grandgirard, Stephen L. Leib, Marius Grossholz, Stephan Jakob, Jukka Takala and Matthias Haenggi

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2016 16:43

    Content type: Research article

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  17. For cases of severe traumatic brain injury, during primary operation, neurosurgeons usually face a dilemma of whether or not to remove the bone flap after mass lesion evacuation. Decompressive craniectomy, whi...

    Authors: He-xiang Zhao, Yi Liao, Ding Xu, Qiang-ping Wang, Qi Gan, Chao You and Chao-hua Yang

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2016 16:1

    Content type: Study protocol

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  19. Up to half of all people with HIV infection have some degree of cognitive impairment. This impairment is typically mild, but nonetheless often disabling. Although early detection of cognitive impairment offers...

    Authors: Marie-Josée Brouillette, Lesley K. Fellows, Lisa Palladini, Lois Finch, Réjean Thomas and Nancy E. Mayo

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:224

    Content type: Research article

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  20. Different apoptosis pathways activate caspase-3. In a study involving 27 patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI), higher caspase-3 levels were found in contusion brain tissue resected from non-survivors tha...

    Authors: Leonardo Lorente, María M. Martín, Mónica Argueso, Luis Ramos, Jordi Solé-Violán, Marta Riaño-Ruiz, Alejandro Jiménez and Juan M. Borreguero-León

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:228

    Content type: Research article

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  22. Natriuresis with polyuria is common after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Previous studies have shown an increased risk of symptomatic cerebral vasospasm or delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) in patien...

    Authors: Robert J. Brown, Brian P. Epling, Ilene Staff, Gilbert Fortunato, James J. Grady and Louise D. McCullough

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:201

    Content type: Research article

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  26. Although healthcare administrative data are commonly used for traumatic brain injury (TBI) research, there is currently no consensus or consistency on the International Classification of Diseases Version 10 (I...

    Authors: Vincy Chan, Pravheen Thurairajah and Angela Colantonio

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:7

    Content type: Research article

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  27. Central fever (CF) is defined as elevated temperature with no identifiable cause. We aimed to identify risk factors for developing CF among patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and to evalu...

    Authors: Asaf Honig, Samer Michael, Ruth Eliahou and Ronen R Leker

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:6

    Content type: Research article

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  28. Castleman’s disease is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder which occurs in localized and multicentric forms and can mimic lymphoma. Despite its well-known association with certain autoimmune diseases, includin...

    Authors: Vikram R Rao, Leland E Lim, Dean Fong, Nina I Garga and Karen L Parko

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:4

    Content type: Case report

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  29. The authors evaluated the impact of morphological and hemodynamic factors on the rupture of matched-pairs of ruptured-unruptured intracranial aneurysms on one patient’s ipsilateral anterior circulation with 3D...

    Authors: Ying Zhang, Xinjian Yang, Yang Wang, Jian Liu, Chuanhui Li, Linkai Jing, Shengzhang Wang and Haiyun Li

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2014 14:253

    Content type: Research article

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  31. Elevated intracranial pressure from cerebral edema is the major cause of early mortality in acute stroke. Current treatment strategies to limit cerebral edema are not particularly effective. Some novel anti-ed...

    Authors: Vishnumurthy Shushrutha Hedna, Sharathchandra Bidari, David Gubernick, Saeed Ansari, Irawan Satriotomo, Asif A Khan and Adnan I Qureshi

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2014 14:213

    Content type: Case report

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  32. Seizures are one of the most important neurologic complications of human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV)-negative cryptococcal meningitis. A better understanding of the risk associated factors can help predict t...

    Authors: Chih-Wei Hung, Wen-Neng Chang, Chia-Te Kung, Nai-Wen Tsai, Hung-Chen Wang, Wei-Che Lin, Chi-Ren Huang, Chih-Cheng Huang, Wan-Chen Tsai, Hsueh-Wen Chang, Yu-Jih Su, Yu-Jun Lin, Ben-Chung Cheng, Ya-Ting Chang, Chih-Min Su and Cheng-Hsien Lu

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2014 14:208

    Content type: Research article

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  33. Electroencephalography (EEG) is widely used to assess neurological prognosis in patients who are comatose after cardiac arrest, but its value is limited by varying definitions of pathological patterns and by i...

    Authors: Erik Westhall, Ingmar Rosén, Andrea O Rossetti, Anne-Fleur van Rootselaar, Troels Wesenberg Kjaer, Janneke Horn, Susann Ullén, Hans Friberg, Niklas Nielsen and Tobias Cronberg

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2014 14:159

    Content type: Study protocol

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  34. Meningeal carcinomatosis and hypercoagulability associated with malignancy are typical late stage complications in cancer patients. The co-occurrence of meningeal carcinomatosis and cerebral infarction related...

    Authors: Akiko Kawasaki, Keisuke Suzuki, Hidehiro Takekawa, Toshiki Nakamura, Masanari Yamamoto, Yohei Asakawa, Madoka Okamura and Koichi Hirata

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2014 14:160

    Content type: Case report

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  35. The cognitive consequences of carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning are well described. However, most studies have been carried out without an ad-hoc group of control subjects. The main aim of this study was to evalu...

    Authors: Bérengère Pages, Mélanie Planton, Sophie Buys, Béatrice Lemesle, Philippe Birmes, Emmanuel Joseph Barbeau, Stéphanie Maziero, Laurie Cordier, Claudine Cabot, Michèle Puel, Michèle Genestal, François Chollet and Jérémie Pariente

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2014 14:153

    Content type: Research article

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  36. Visual fixation plays a key role in the differentiation between vegetative state/unresponsive wakefulness (VS/UWS) syndrome and minimally conscious state (MCS). However, the use of different stimuli changes th...

    Authors: Haibo Di, Yunzhi Nie, Xiaohua Hu, Yong Tong, Lizette Heine, Sarah Wannez, Wangshan Huang, Dan Yu, Minhui He, Aurore Thibaut, Caroline Schnakers and Steven Laureys

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2014 14:147

    Content type: Research article

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  37. The number of patients with cognitive impairment after sepsis or septic shock is high. However, the underlying neurophysiological basis of sepsis induced cognitive impairment is not fully understood.

    Authors: Theresa Götz, Albrecht Günther, Otto W Witte, Frank M Brunkhorst, Gundula Seidel and Farsin Hamzei

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2014 14:145

    Content type: Study protocol

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  38. Pathogenic autoantibodies targeting the recently identified leucine rich glioma inactivated 1 protein and the subunit 1 of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor induce autoimmune encephalitis. A comparison of brai...

    Authors: Florian Wegner, Florian Wilke, Peter Raab, Said Ben Tayeb, Anna-Lena Boeck, Cathleen Haense, Corinna Trebst, Elke Voss, Christoph Schrader, Frank Logemann, Jörg Ahrens, Andreas Leffler, Rea Rodriguez-Raecke, Reinhard Dengler, Lilli Geworski, Frank M Bengel…

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2014 14:136

    Content type: Research article

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  39. Escherichia coli (E. coli) is the most common causative bacteria of neonatal meningitis, but hematogenous intracranial E. coli infection is rare in adults. Moreover, intracranial abscess formation owing to E. co...

    Authors: Nobuhiro Akuzawa, Tenshi Osawa, Masayuki Totsuka, Takashi Hatori, Kunihiko Imai, Yonosuke Kitahara and Masahiko Kurabayashi

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2014 14:130

    Content type: Case report

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  40. Physicians treating patients in the vegetative state (VS) must deal with uncertainty in diagnosis and prognosis, as well as ethical issues. We examined whether physicians’ attitudes toward medical and ethical ...

    Authors: Katja Kuehlmeyer, Nicole Palmour, Richard J Riopelle, James L Bernat, Ralf J Jox and Eric Racine

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2014 14:119

    Content type: Research article

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  41. Hyponatremia has been reported from patients with severe neurological disease, and the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone and cerebral salt wasting syndrome are the two main etiologies...

    Authors: Jeong-Min Kim, Kwang-Yeol Park, Do Hyoung Kim, Jae-Han Bae, Dong-Woo Shin, Young Chul Youn and Oh-Sang Kwon

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2014 14:111

    Content type: Case report

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  42. To describe the design of the study aiming to examine intensive targeted cognitive rehabilitation of attention in the acute (<4 months) and subacute rehabilitation phases (4–12 months) after acquired brain inj...

    Authors: Aniko Bartfai, Gabriela Markovic, Kristina Sargenius Landahl and Marie-Louise Schult

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2014 14:102

    Content type: Study protocol

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  45. We sought to characterize the cognitive function and neuropsychiatric symptoms in cerebral radionecrosis (CRN) patients who have received conformal radiation for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

    Authors: Xiaohong Wu, Mofa Gu, Guijuan Zhou, Xue Xu, Mengmeng Wu and Haiwei Huang

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2014 14:10

    Content type: Research article

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  46. Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is an important global public health problem made all the more important by the increased likelihood of disability following a hospital admission for TBI. Understanding those group...

    Authors: Tara Shivaji, Andrew Lee, Nadine Dougall, Thomas McMillan and Cameron Stark

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2014 14:2

    Content type: Research article

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  47. TNFα blockers have drastically improved rheumatoid arthritis prognosis by preventing joint destruction in DMARD resistant patients. Altering cytokine balance in immune diseases may expose to paradoxical advers...

    Authors: Cécile-Audrey Durel, Elodie Feurer, Jean-Baptiste Pialat, Emilie Berthoux, Roland D Chapurlat and Cyrille B Confavreux

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2013 13:212

    Content type: Case report

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  48. Quantification of the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) by transbulbar sonography is a promising non-invasive technique for the detection of altered intracranial pressure. In order to establish this method as...

    Authors: Jochen Bäuerle, Florian Schuchardt, Laure Schroeder, Karl Egger, Matthias Weigel and Andreas Harloff

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2013 13:187

    Content type: Research article

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  49. Infections are the leading cause of death in the acute phase following spinal cord injury and qualify as independent risk factor for poor neurological outcome (“disease modifying factor”). The enhanced suscept...

    Authors: Marcel A Kopp, Claudia Druschel, Christian Meisel, Thomas Liebscher, Erik Prilipp, Ralf Watzlawick, Paolo Cinelli, Andreas Niedeggen, Klaus-Dieter Schaser, Guido A Wanner, Armin Curt, Gertraut Lindemann, Natalia Nugaeva, Michael G Fehlings, Peter Vajkoczy, Mario Cabraja…

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2013 13:168

    Content type: Study protocol

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  50. A visual pursuit response is reportedly observed in ~20-30% of subjects in vegetative state (VS/UWS) and predicts better outcome; it is a key marker of evolution into the minimally conscious state (MCS). The p...

    Authors: Francesco Riganello, Maria D Cortese, Giuliano Dolce and Walter G Sannita

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2013 13:164

    Content type: Research article

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