Articles

Factors associated with in-hospital mortality following intracerebral hemorrhage: a three-year study in Tehran, Iran

Primary intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is one of the common vascular insults with a relatively high rate of mortality. The aim of the current study was to determine the mortality rate and to evaluate the influ...

Authors: Mansooreh Togha and Khadigeh Bakhtavar

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy of normal appearing white matter in early relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: correlations between disability and spectroscopy

What currently appears to be irreversible axonal loss in normal appearing white matter, measured by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy is of great interest in the study of Multiple Sclerosis. Our aim is to...

Authors: Juan Luis Ruiz-Peña, Pilar Piñero, Guillermo Sellers, Joaquín Argente, Alfredo Casado, Jesus Foronda, Antonio Uclés and Guillermo Izquierdo

Low dose intravenous minocycline is neuroprotective after middle cerebral artery occlusion-reperfusion in rats

Minocycline, a semi-synthetic tetracycline antibiotic, is an effective neuroprotective agent in animal models of cerebral ischemia when given in high doses intraperitoneally. The aim of this study was to deter...

Authors: Lin Xu, Susan C Fagan, Jennifer L Waller, David Edwards, Cesar V Borlongan, Jianqing Zheng, William D Hill, Giora Feuerstein and David C Hess

Sleep assessment in a population-based study of chronic fatigue syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a disabling condition that affects approximately 800,000 adult Americans. The pathophysiology remains unknown and there are no diagnostic markers or characteristic physical si...

Authors: Elizabeth R Unger, Rosane Nisenbaum, Harvey Moldofsky, Angela Cesta, Christopher Sammut, Michele Reyes and William C Reeves

Erratum to: Peak plasma interleukin-6 and other peripheral markers of inflammation in the first week of ischaemic stroke correlate with brain infarct volume, stroke severity and long-term outcome

Authors: Craig J Smith, Hedley CA Emsley, Carole M Gavin, Rachel F Georgiou, Andy Vail, Elisa M Barberan, Gregory J del Zoppo, John M Hallenbeck, Nancy J Rothwell, Stephen J Hopkins and Pippa J Tyrrell

Acute treatment of migraine. Breaking the paradigm of monotherapy

Migraine is a highly prevalent disorder. The disability provoked by its attacks results in suffering as well as considerable economic and social losses. The objective of migraine acute treatment is to restore ...

Authors: Abouch Valenty Krymchantowski

"Closing-in" phenomenon in Alzheimer's disease and subcortical vascular dementia

The 'closing-in' phenomenon is defined as a tendency to close in on a model while copying it. This is one of several constructional apraxia observed in dementia, particularly in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The a...

Authors: Yong Tae Kwak

Peak plasma interleukin-6 and other peripheral markers of inflammation in the first week of ischaemic stroke correlate with brain infarct volume, stroke severity and long-term outcome

Cerebral ischaemia initiates an inflammatory response in the brain and periphery. We assessed the relationship between peak values of plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the first week after ischaemic stroke, with ...

Authors: Craig J Smith, Hedley CA Emsley, Carole M Gavin, Rachel F Georgiou, Andy Vail, Elisa M Barberan, Gregory J del Zoppo, John M Hallenbeck, Nancy J Rothwell, Stephen J Hopkins and Pippa J Tyrrell

Loss of circadian rhythm of blood pressure following acute stroke

Epidemiology of acute stroke in developing countries differs from that in the developed world, for example, the age at stroke, risk factors, subtypes of stroke and prognosis. Hypertension remains a dominant ri...

Authors: S Jain, KKN Namboodri, S Kumari and S Prabhakar

Deflazacort for the treatment of Duchenne Dystrophy: A systematic review

To complete a systematic review and meta-analysis based on the clinical question: Is Deflazacort (DFZ), a prednisolone derivative, an effective therapy for improving strength, with acceptable side effects, in ...

Authors: Craig Campbell and Pierre Jacob

A linkage study of candidate loci in familial Parkinson's Disease

Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's disease. Most cases are sporadic, however familial cases do exist. We examined 12 families with familial Parkinson's d...

Authors: Karin Wirdefeldt, Catherine E Burgess, Lisa Westerberg, Haydeh Payami and Martin Schalling

Variable expression of cerebral cavernous malformations in carriers of a premature termination codon in exon 17 of the Krit1 gene

Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM) present as either sporadic or autosomal dominant conditions with incomplete penetrance of symptoms. Differences in genetic and environmental factors might be minimized am...

Authors: Miguel Lucas, Alzenire F Costa, José M García-Moreno, Francisca Solano, Miguel A Gamero and Guillermo Izquierdo

The Ischemic Stroke Genetics Study (ISGS) Protocol

The molecular basis for the genetic risk of ischemic stroke is likely to be multigenic and influenced by environmental factors. Several small case-control studies have suggested associations between ischemic s...

Authors: James F Meschia, Thomas G Brott, Robert D Brown Jr, Richard JP Crook, Michael Frankel, John Hardy, José G Merino, Stephen S Rich, Scott Silliman and Bradford Burke Worrall

Clinico-pathogenetic findings and management of chondrodystrophic myotonia (Schwartz-Jampel syndrome): a case report

Chondrodystrophic myotonia or Schwartz-Jampel syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by myotonia and skeletal dysplasia. It may be progressive in nature. Recently, the gene responsible for Schwartz-...

Authors: Nicola C Ho, Stacey Sandusky, Victor Madike, Clair A Francomano and Marinos C Dalakas

Vestibular schwannoma with contralateral facial pain – case report

Vestibular schwannoma (acoustic neuroma) most commonly presents with ipsilateral disturbances of acoustic, vestibular, trigeminal and facial nerves. Presentation of vestibular schwannoma with contralateral fac...

Authors: Behzad Eftekhar, Mohammadreza Gheini, Mohammad Ghodsi and Ebrahim Ketabchi

Intravenous immunoglobulin in the treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia refractory to carbamazepine: a study protocol[ISRCTN33042138]

We have recently reported successful treatment of patients with chronic pain syndromes using human pooled intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in a prospective, open-label cohort study. A randomised, placebo cont...

Authors: Andreas Goebel, Andrew Moore, Rosamund Weatherall, Norbert Roewer, Robert Schedel and Guenter Sprotte

P-ANCA vasculitic neuropathy with 12-year latency between onset of neuropathy and systemic symptoms

The differential diagnosis of chronic progressive multifocal asymmetric neuropathies is challenging. Vasculitic neuropathies, multifocal forms of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, multifocal m...

Authors: Steven A Greenberg

Cingulate cortex hypoperfusion predicts Alzheimer's disease in mild cognitive impairment

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) was recently described as a heterogeneous group with a variety of clinical outcomes and high risk to develop Alzheimer's disease (AD). Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) as mea...

Authors: Chaorui Huang, Lars-Olof Wahlund, Leif Svensson, Bengt Winblad and Per Julin

An examination of the Apo-1/Fas promoter Mva I polymorphism in Japanese patients with multiple sclerosis

The Apo-1/Fas (CD95) molecule is an apoptosis-signaling cell surface receptor belonging to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family. Both Fas and Fas ligand (FasL) are expressed in activated mature T ce...

Authors: Masaaki Niino, Seiji Kikuchi, Toshiyuki Fukazawa, Ryuji Miyagishi, Ichiro Yabe and Kunio Tashiro

Chromosome 4q;10q translocations; Comparison with different ethnic populations and FSHD patients

Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by the weakness of facial, shoulder-girdle and upper arm muscles. Most patients with FSHD have fewer numbers of tan...

Authors: Tsuyoshi Matsumura, Kanako Goto, Gaku Yamanaka, Je Hyeon Lee, Cheng Zhang, Yukiko K Hayashi and Kiichi Arahata

To what degree does cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease predict dependence of patients on caregivers?

Patients with Alzheimer's disease experience a progressive loss of cognitive function, and the ability to independently perform activities of daily life. Sometimes a dependent stage is reached quite early in t...

Authors: Jaime Caro, Alexandra Ward, Khajak Ishak, Kristen Migliaccio-Walle, Denis Getsios, George Papadopoulos and Koen Torfs

Confounding factors in diagnosing brain death: a case report

Brain death is strictly defined medically and legally. This diagnosis depends on three cardinal neurological features: coma, absent brainstem reflexes, and apnea. The diagnosis can only be made, however, in th...

Authors: Jeffrey M Burns and Ivan S Login

Enzyme replacement reverses abnormal cerebrovascular responses in Fabry disease

Fabry disease is a lysosomal X-linked enzyme deficiency of α-galactosidase A associated with an increased mortality and morbidity due to renal failure, cardiac disease and early onset stroke.

Authors: David F Moore, Gheona Altarescu, Peter Herscovitch and Raphael Schiffmann

Encephalomeningocele cases over 10 years in Thailand: a case series

Encephalomeningocele, especially in the frontoethmoidal region, is a form of neural tube defect which affects patients in Southeast Asia more commonly than in Western countries. Its underlying cause is not kno...

Authors: Sitthiporn Agthong and Viroj Wiwanitkit

Delayed minocycline but not delayed mild hypothermia protects against embolic stroke

Inflammatory reactions occurring in the brain after ischemia may contribute to secondary damage. In the present study, effects of minocycline, an anti-inflammatory agent, alone or in combination with mild hypo...

Authors: Chen Xu Wang, Tao Yang, Raza Noor and Ashfaq Shuaib

Tetramethylpyrazine attenuates spinal cord ischemic injury due to aortic cross-clamping in rabbits

Lower limb paralysis occurs in 11% of patients after surgical procedure of thoracic or thoracoabdominal aneurysms and is an unpredictable and distressful complication. The aim of this study was to investigate ...

Authors: Shaoyang Chen, Lize Xiong, Qiang Wang, Hanfei Sang, Zhenhua Zhu, Hailong Dong and Zhihong Lu

Splinting or surgery for carpal tunnel syndrome? Design of a randomized controlled trial [ISRCTN18853827]

Carpal tunnel syndrome is a common disorder, which can be treated with surgery or conservative options. However, there is insufficient evidence and no consensus among physicians with regard to the preferred tr...

Authors: Annette AM Gerritsen, Rob JPM Scholten, Willem JJ Assendelft, Herman Kuiper, Henrica CW de Vet and Lex M Bouter

Weather conditions and Bell's palsy: five-year study and review of the literature

Climatic or meteorological condition changes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Bell's palsy (BP). We evaluate the influence of meteorological parameters, such as temperature, humidity, and atmospheri...

Authors: Vasilis Danielides, George Patrikakos, Christina-Sophia Nousia, Aristides Bartzokas, Haralampos J Milionis, Christos Lolis and Antonios Skevas

Carbamazepine reduces memory induced activation of mesial temporal lobe structures: a pharmacological fMRI-study

It is not known whether carbamazepine (CBZ; a drug widely used in neurology and psychiatry) influences the blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) contrast changes induced by neuronal activation and measured ...

Authors: Hennric Jokeit, Michael Okujava and Friedrich G Woermann

Heart rate changes during partial seizures: A study amongst Singaporean patients

Studies in Europe and America showed that tachycardia, less often bradycardia, frequently accompanied partial seizures in Caucasian patients. We determine frequency, magnitude and type of ictal heart rate chan...

Authors: Einar Wilder-Smith and Shih-Hui Lim

Abduction paresis with rostral pontine and/or mesencephalic lesions: Pseudoabducens palsy and its relation to the so-called posterior internuclear ophthalmoplegia of Lutz

The existence of a prenuclear abduction paresis is still debated.

Authors: Frank Thömke and Hanns Christian Hopf

Traumatic brain injury as a risk factor for Alzheimer disease. Comparison of two retrospective autopsy cohorts with evaluation of ApoE genotype

The impact of traumatic brain injury (TBI) on the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease (AD) is still controversial. The aim of our retrospective autopsy study was to assess the impact of TBE and ApoE allele frequ...

Authors: Kurt A Jellinger, Werner Paulus, Christian Wrocklage and Irene Litvan

Incidence and Characteristics of Total Stroke in the United States

Stroke, increasingly referred to as a "brain attack", is one of the leading causes of death and the leading cause of adult disability in the United States. It has recently been estimated that there were three ...

Authors: G Rhys Williams MS, ScD

Symptomatic hemorrhage after alteplase therapy not due to silent ischemia

Stroke thrombolysis-related intracerebral hemorrhage may occur remotely from the anatomical site of ischemia. One postulated mechanism for this is simultaneous multiple embolization with hemorrhage into a "sil...

Authors: Michael D Hill, Philip A Barber, Andrew M Demchuk, Robert J Sevick, Richard Frayne and Alastair M Buchan