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  1. There are several situations in which magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) might impact whether an cerebrovascular event is considered a new stroke. These include clinically non-focal events with positive imaging ...

    Authors: Dawn Kleindorfer, Jane Khoury, Kathleen Alwell, Charles J. Moomaw, Daniel Woo, Matthew L. Flaherty, Opeolu Adeoye, Simona Ferioli, Pooja Khatri and Brett M. Kissela
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:175
  2. Natalizumab is a promising option for pediatric multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with active evolution and a poor response to Interferon-beta or Glatiramer Acetate. However, no data are available in large coho...

    Authors: Angelo Ghezzi, Lucia Moiola, Carlo Pozzilli, Vincenzo Brescia-Morra, Paolo Gallo, Luigi Maria Edoardo Grimaldi, Massimo Filippi and Giancarlo Comi G.
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:174
  3. The causes and pathogenesis of cerebral palsy (CP) are all poorly understood, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). There are gaps in knowledge about CP in Bangladesh, especially in the sphe...

    Authors: Gulam Khandaker, Hayley Smithers-Sheedy, Johurul Islam, Monzurul Alam, Jenny Jung, Iona Novak, Robert Booy, Cheryl Jones, Nadia Badawi and Mohammad Muhit
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:173
  4. Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophy (LGMD), caused by defective α-dystroglycan (α-DG) glycosylation, was recently associated with mutations in Isoprenoid synthase domain-containing (ISPD) and GDP-mannose pyrophosphory...

    Authors: Francesca Magri, Irene Colombo, Roberto Del Bo, Stefano Previtali, Roberta Brusa, Patrizia Ciscato, Marina Scarlato, Dario Ronchi, Maria Grazia D’Angelo, Stefania Corti, Maurizio Moggio, Nereo Bresolin and Giacomo Pietro Comi
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:172
  5. Impaired walking capacity is a frequent confinement in Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Patients are affected by limitations in coordination, walking speed and the distance they may cover. Also abnormal dynamic walkin...

    Authors: Philipp M. Keune, Adam J. Cocks, William R. Young, Janina M. Burschka, Sascha Hansen, Ulrich Hofstadt-van Oy, Patrick Oschmann and Jana Muenssinger
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:171
  6. Disease modifying treatments (DMT) for MS such as interferon beta (IFNβ) have been shown to reduce the risk for disease progression. Therefore adherence to treatment is essential for treatment outcome.Here we ...

    Authors: Zaza Katsarava, Birgit Ehlken, Volker Limmroth, Kirsi Taipale, Sarita Noemi Patel, Gabriele Niemczyk, Karin Rehberg-Weber and Colin Wernsdörfer
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:170
  7. Extraintestinal manifestations in Crohn’s disease (CD) are frequent and well recognized. However, neurological involvement secondary to CD is rare, and there have been few histologically confirmed cases of cer...

    Authors: Masayuki Gekka, Taku Sugiyama, Masafumi Nomura, Yasutaka Kato, Hiroshi Nishihara and Katsuyuki Asaoka
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:169
  8. Medication overuse headache (MOH) is the third most prevalent headache type after migraine and tension-type headache. A large number of studies on the long-term prognosis have shown that MOH has a high relapse...

    Authors: Zhihui Yan, Yuan Chen, Chunfu Chen, Congcong Li and Xiaojun Diao
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:168
  9. To evaluate the relationship between the flow signal intensity of branch arteries distal to the stenosis on 3-dimensional (3D) time-of-flight (TOF) magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and the risk of stroke r...

    Authors: Hongbing Chen, Zhuhao Li, Hua Hong, Shihui Xing, Gang Liu, Aiwu Zhang, Shuangquan Tan, Jian Zhang and Jinsheng Zeng
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:167
  10. About 50 % of Thai patients with adult-onset spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) was Machado-Joseph disease (MJD), SCA1, SCA2 and SCA6. The author investigated further on less common SCAs in the patients without any ...

    Authors: Lulin Choubtum, Pirada Witoonpanich, Suchat Hanchaiphiboolkul, Roongroj Bhidayasiri, Onanong Jitkritsadakul, Sunsanee Pongpakdee, Suppachok Wetchaphanphesat, Pairoj Boonkongchuen and Teeratorn Pulkes
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:166
  11. Chronic inflammatory airway disease (CIAD) has emerged as independent risk factor for cardiovascular mortality and ischemic stroke but the impact of co-existing CIAD in patients with ischemic stroke is less cl...

    Authors: Karl Georg Haeusler, Juliane Herm, Maria Konieczny, Ulrike Grittner, Mitja Lainscak, Matthias Endres and Wolfram Doehner
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:164
  12. Postural instability is a particularly incapacitating disorder, whose loss of motor independence by Parkinson´s Disease (PD) patients marks a significant stage of disease onset. Evidence suggests that deficits...

    Authors: Tamine Teixeira da Costa Capato, Juliana Tornai, Patrícia Ávila, Egberto Reis Barbosa and Maria Elisa Pimentel Piemonte
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:162
  13. Most acute stroke patients with disabilities do not receive recommended rehabilitation following discharge to the community. Functional and social barriers are common reasons for non-adherence to post-discharg...

    Authors: Gerald Choon-Huat Koh, Shih Cheng Yen, Arthur Tay, Angela Cheong, Yee Sien Ng, Deidre Anne De Silva, Carolina Png, Kevin Caves, Karen Koh, Yogaprakash Kumar, Shi Wen Phan, Bee Choo Tai, Cynthia Chen, Effie Chew, Zhaojin Chao, Chun En Chua…
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:161
  14. Increasing rates of AQP4-seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) have been reported in late-onset patients (LONMOSD). However, the full range of clinical differences between early-onset and...

    Authors: Zhifeng Mao, Junjie Yin, Xiaonan Zhong, Zhihua Zhao, Wei Qiu, Zhengqi Lu and Xueqiang Hu
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:160
  15. Association of leukoencephalopathy and atypical mycobacteriosis has been rarely reported. We present a case that is relevant for its unusual presentation and because it may shed further light on the pathogenic...

    Authors: Marcos C. B. Oliveira, Douglas Kazutoshi Sato, Herval R. Soares-Neto, Leandro T. Lucato, Dagoberto Callegaro, Ricardo Nitrini, Raphael S. S. Medeiros, Tatsuro Misu, Kazuo Fujihara and Luiz H. Castro
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:159
  16. In spite of high prevalence and clinical relevance of leukoaraiosis (LA), its pathophysiology is still incompletely understood. Theories of ischaemic genesis and a leaky blood–brain barrier are contradictory y...

    Authors: Matija Zupan, Mišo Šabović, Marjan Zaletel, Katarina Šurlan Popovič and Bojana Žvan
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:158
  17. Stroke is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, especially in low and middle income countries. Medical management is the mainstay of therapy to prevent recurrence of stroke. Current estimates are that only...

    Authors: Ayeesha Kamran Kamal, Quratulain Nauman Shaikh, Omrana Pasha, Iqbal Azam, Muhammad Islam, Adeel Ali Memon, Hasan Rehman, Muhammad Affan, Sumaira Nazir, Salman Aziz, Muhammad Jan, Anita Andani, Abdul Muqeet, Bilal Ahmed and Shariq Khoja
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:157
  18. In patients with a space-occupying middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarct surgical decompression reduces the risk of death, but increases the chance of survival with severe disability. We assessed quality of lif...

    Authors: Tessa van Middelaar, Edo Richard, H. Bart van der Worp, Pepijn van den Munckhof, Pythia T. Nieuwkerk, Marieke C. Visser, Jan Stam and Paul J. Nederkoorn
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:156
  19. Few studies have examined seizures in pediatric brain arteriovenous malformation. In our study, risk factors associated with seizure occurrence and long-term seizure control outcomes after different treatments...

    Authors: Shuang Liu, Hong-xu Chen, Qing Mao, Chao You and Jian-guo Xu
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:155
  20. Biochemical changes associated with multiple sclerosis (MS), and its various clinical forms have not been characterized well. Therefore, we investigated the biochemistry of MS in relation to its natural histor...

    Authors: Vijitha K. Senanayake, Wei Jin, Asuka Mochizuki, Bassirou Chitou and Dayan B. Goodenowe
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:154
  21. Recently, biomarkers have been suggested to be incorporated into diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Regarding disease-specific brain amyloid-beta deposition these comprise low amyloid-beta 1–42 ...

    Authors: Matthias L. Schroeter, Solveig Tiepolt, Anke Marschhauser, Angelika Thöne-Otto, Karl-Titus Hoffmann, Henryk Barthel, Hellmuth Obrig and Osama Sabri
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:152
  22. Immunodeficiency with a thymoma (Good’s syndrome) is a rare condition occurring in patients with adult-onset hypogammaglobulinemia that is progressive after the removal of thymoma. Recently, we encountered a p...

    Authors: Shinichi Ueno, Satoko Sekimoto-Tsuboi, Yuta Ishiguro, Takahiro Koinuma, Hiroto Eguchi, Yutaka Machida, Nobutaka Hattori and Hideto Miwa
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:150
  23. Apathy in DM1 has long been acknowledged in clinical practice. However, a major drawback is that the concept has been only sparsely explored in previous specific studies. This study aimed to determine the prev...

    Authors: Benjamin Gallais, Michèle Montreuil, Marcela Gargiulo, Bruno Eymard, Cynthia Gagnon and Luc Laberge
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:148
  24. Inflammatory neuropathies such as Guillain-Barré syndrome, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy and paraproteinaemic demyelinating neuropathy are a heterogenous group of peripheral nerve d...

    Authors: Claire M. White, Robert D. Hadden, Sarah F. Robert-Lewis, Paul R. McCrone and Jane L. Petty
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:147
  25. Although there are studies investigating the pathologic origins of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), they have revolved around comparisons to normal elderly individuals or those with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) or...

    Authors: Brittany N. Dugger, Kathryn Davis, Michael Malek-Ahmadi, Joseph G. Hentz, Shawn Sandhu, Thomas G. Beach, Charles H. Adler, Richard J. Caselli, Travis A. Johnson, Geidy E. Serrano, Holly A. Shill, Christine Belden, Erika Driver-Dunckley, John N. Caviness, Lucia I. Sue, Sandra Jacobson…
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:146
  26. EEG studies have shown that patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have weaker functional connectivity than controls, especially in higher frequency bands. Furthermore, active regions seem more prone to AD pat...

    Authors: Marjolein MA Engels, Cornelis J. Stam, Wiesje M. van der Flier, Philip Scheltens, Hanneke de Waal and Elisabeth CW van Straaten
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:145
  27. Stroke survivors frequently suffer from executive impairments even in the chronic phase after stroke, and there is a need for improved rehabilitation of these functions. One way of improving current rehabilita...

    Authors: Renate M. van de Ven, Ben Schmand, Erny Groet, Dick J. Veltman and Jaap M. J. Murre
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:144
  28. This study reports on the effects of botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) injections in the upper extremity (UE) in children with unilateral Cerebral Palsy (uCP) combined with bimanual task-oriented therapy (BITT) or ei...

    Authors: Lucianne Speth, Yvonne Janssen-Potten, Eugene Rameckers, Anke Defesche, Bjorn Winkens, Jules Becher, Rob Smeets and Hans Vles
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:143
  29. In the treatment of multiple sclerosis, a change of therapy is considered after treatment failure or adverse events. Although disease modifying drugs’ (DMD) efficacy and side effects have been fully analysed i...

    Authors: Mireya Fernández-Fournier, Antonio Tallón-Barranco, Beatriz Chamorro, Patricia Martínez-Sánchez and Inmaculada Puertas
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:141
  30. Acquired brain injury (ABI) refers to multiple disabilities arising from damage to the brain acquired after birth. Children with an ABI may experience physical, cognitive, social and emotional-behavioural impa...

    Authors: Roslyn N. Boyd, Emmah Baque, Adina Piovesana, Stephanie Ross, Jenny Ziviani, Leanne Sakzewski, Lee Barber, Owen Lloyd, Lynne McKinlay, Koa Whittingham, Anthony C. Smith, Stephen Rose, Simona Fiori, Ross Cunnington, Robert Ware, Melinda Lewis…
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:140
  31. Patients often report neurocognitive difficulties after neuroborreliosis (NB). The frequency and extent of cognitive problems in European patients have been studied incompletely.

    Authors: Holger Schmidt, Marija Djukic, Klaus Jung, Manfred Holzgraefe, Peter Dechent, Nicole von Steinbüchel, Joachim Blocher, Helmut Eiffert and Carsten Schmidt-Samoa
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:139
  32. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for fatigue and disabilities in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). However, treatment capacity is limited. Providing web-based CBT and t...

    Authors: Anthonie Janse, Margreet Worm-Smeitink, José Bussel-Lagarde, Gijs Bleijenberg, Stephanie Nikolaus and Hans Knoop
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:137
  33. Several studies reported prognostic value of biomarker in intracerebral hemorrhagic (ICH) but they are either preliminary observation or inadequately powered to analyse independent contribution of biomarkers o...

    Authors: A. Kumar, P. Kumar, S. Misra, R. Sagar, P. Kathuria, D. Vibha, S. Vivekanandhan, A. Garg, B. Kaul, S. Raghvan, S. P. Gorthi, S. Dabla, C. S. Aggarwal and Kameshwar Prasad
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:136
  34. Cognitive reserve has been implicated as a possible protective factor in multiple sclerosis (MS) but to date no study has compared reserve-building activities across disease course or to healthy controls. This...

    Authors: Carolyn E. Schwartz, Armon Ayandeh, Murali Ramanathan, Ralph Benedict, Michael G. Dwyer, Bianca Weinstock-Guttman and Robert Zivadinov
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:135
  35. Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is the most common cause of neurological disability in young and middle-aged adults. At this stage in life most people are in the midst of their working career. The majority of MS patie...

    Authors: Karin van der Hiele, Dennis A. M. van Gorp, Marco A. P. Heerings, Irma van Lieshout, Peter J. Jongen, Michiel F. Reneman, Jac J. L. van der Klink, Frans Vosman, Huub A. M. Middelkoop and Leo H. Visser
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:134
  36. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether changes in brain microstructure, detected by magnetization transfer imaging, are associated with cognition in older subjects at increased risk for vascular d...

    Authors: Michiel Sala, Albert de Roos, Gerard J. Blauw, Huub A. M. Middelkoop, J. Wouter Jukema, Simon P. Mooijaart, Mark A. van Buchem, Anton J. M. de Craen and Jeroen van der Grond
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:133
  37. A growing evidence base implicates vitamin D, sun exposure and latitude in the aetiology of multiple sclerosis (MS), however there are less data on the associations of these variables with disease outcomes.

    Authors: George A. Jelinek, Claudia H. Marck, Tracey J. Weiland, Naresh Pereira, Dania M. van der Meer and Emily J. Hadgkiss
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:132
  38. Anxiety, depression and functional impairments are commonly reported by persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) but no data, to our knowledge, has emerged from an Arab Islamic population. The study aims to inve...

    Authors: Abdullah Al-Asmi, Salim Al-Rawahi, Zahir Saif Al-Moqbali, Yahya Al-Farsi, Musthafa M. Essa, May El-Bouri, Roopa P. Koshy, Arunodaya R. Gujjar, PC Jacob, Abeer Al-Hodar and Samir Al Adawi
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:131
  39. Neuropsychiatric side effects of oseltamivir occur occasionally, especially in infants and young patients, but nothing is known about possible contributory factors.

    Authors: Kaori Morimoto, Kei Nagaoka, Akira Nagai, Hirofumi Kashii, Masakiyo Hosokawa, Yukitoshi Takahashi, Takuo Ogihara and Masaya Kubota
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:130
  40. Anticoagulation using vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) significantly reduces the risk of recurrent stroke in stroke patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and is recommended by guidelines.

    Authors: Karl Georg Haeusler, Andrea Gerth, Tobias Limbourg, Ulrich Tebbe, Michael Oeff, Karl Wegscheider, András Treszl, Ursula Ravens, Thomas Meinertz, Paulus Kirchhof, Günter Breithardt, Gerhard Steinbeck and Michael Nabauer
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:129
  41. In the past two decades the widespread use of disease modifying drugs with moderate to strong efficacy has changed the natural course of multiple sclerosis (MS). Health care professionals, researchers, patient...

    Authors: Peter Joseph Jongen, Marco Heerings, Wim A. Lemmens, Rogier Donders, Anneke van der Zande, Esther van Noort and Anton Kool
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:128
  42. Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor symptoms, but in which behavioral and cognitive disturbances are also common. Trust, due to its pervasiveness in society, has beco...

    Authors: Andrija Javor, René Riedl, Matthias Kirchmayr, Mirella Reichenberger and Gerhard Ransmayr
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:126

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