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  1. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with a wide range of motor and non-motor symptoms. Despite optimal medical management, PD still results in a high disability rate and secondary complica...

    Authors: Nicolien M van der Kolk, Sebastiaan Overeem, Nienke M de Vries, Roy PC Kessels, Rogier Donders, Marc Brouwer, Daniela Berg, Bart Post and Bas R Bloem
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:56
  2. LEOPARD syndrome (LS) belongs to the family of neuro-cardio-facio-cutaneous syndromes, which include Neurofibromatosis-1 (NF1), Noonan syndrome, Costello Syndrome, cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome, Noonan-like ...

    Authors: Marianna Spatola, Christian Wider, Thierry Kuntzer and Alexandre Croquelois
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:55
  3. In the context of an epidemiologic transition in South Africa, in which cardiovascular disease is increasing, little is known about the stroke burden, particularly morbidity in rural populations. Risk factors ...

    Authors: Mandy Maredza, Melanie Y Bertram and Stephen M Tollman
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:54
  4. Since chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and fibromyalgia (FM) often co-exist, some believe they reflect the same process, somatization. Against that hypothesis are data suggesting FM but not CFS was common in pat...

    Authors: Slobodanka Pejovic, Benjamin H Natelson, Maria Basta, Julio Fernandez-Mendoza, Fauzia Mahr and Alexandros N Vgontzas
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:53
  5. Impaired dominant hand function in stroke patients is a common clinical problem. Functional improvement after focal spasticity therapy is well documented but knowledge about central correlates is sparse. Brain...

    Authors: Ulla Bergfeldt, Tomas Jonsson, Lennart Bergfeldt and Per Julin
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:52
  6. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers Aβ1-42, t-tau and p-tau have a characteristic pattern in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Their roles in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) remains unclear.

    Authors: Lucette A Cysique, Timothy Hewitt, Juliana Croitoru-Lamoury, Kevin Taddei, Ralph N Martins, Constance SN Chew, Nicholas NWS Davies, Patricia Price and Bruce J Brew
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:51
  7. Proteinase-activated receptor 2 (PAR-2) has been shown to promote both neurotoxic and neuroprotective effects. Similarly, other routinely used nonspecific markers of neuronal damage can be found in cerebrospin...

    Authors: Zdenek Rohan, Magdalena Smetakova, Jaromir Kukal, Robert Rusina and Radoslav Matej
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:50
  8. We describe a case of a very unusual complication following a coiling procedure in which the patient developed transient unique cerebral and cerebellar lesions. Lesions were examined not only by magnetic reson...

    Authors: Kentaro Deguchi, Yuko Kawahara, Shoko Deguchi, Nobutoshi Morimoto, Tomoko Kurata, Yoshio Ikeda, Tomotsugu Ichikawa, Koji Tokunaga, Nobuyuki Kawai, Kenji Sugiu and Koji Abe
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:49
  9. Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is a rare complication of Crohn's disease (CD), and it is uncertain whether it is associated with CD itself or with its treatment. We describe a case of...

    Authors: Suji Kim, Seok-Jae Kang, Ki-Wook Oh, Byung Kyu Ahn, Hang Lak Lee, Dong Soo Han, Kiseok Jang and Young Seo Kim
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:48
  10. Heritability of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is estimated at 74% and genetic contributors have been widely sought. The ε4 allele of apolipoprotein E (APOE) remains the strongest common risk factor for AD, with numero...

    Authors: Jennifer S Yokoyama, Luke W Bonham, Renee L Sears, Eric Klein, Anna Karydas, Joel H Kramer, Bruce L Miller and Giovanni Coppola
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:47
  11. Eslicarbazepine acetate (ESL, Aptiom®) is a once-daily (QD) anticonvulsant, approved as adjunctive treatment of partial-onset seizures (POS). It is extensively converted after oral administration to eslicarbaz...

    Authors: Mercedes P Jacobson, Ladislav Pazdera, Perminder Bhatia, Todd Grinnell, Hailong Cheng and David Blum
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:46
  12. Although hyperlipidemia is known as a risk factor of stroke, its effects on the outcome are unknown. The aim of the study is to clarify the influences of hyperlipidemia on the stroke early outcome by estimatin...

    Authors: Kazuo Shigematsu, Yoshiyuki Watanabe and Hiromi Nakano
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:44
  13. To obtain evidence for the clinical and cost-effectiveness of treatments for patients with rare diseases is a challenge. Non-dystrophic myotonia (NDM) is a group of inherited, rare muscle diseases characterize...

    Authors: Bas C Stunnenberg, Willem Woertman, Joost Raaphorst, Jeffrey M Statland, Robert C Griggs, Janneke Timmermans, Christiaan G Saris, Bas J Schouwenberg, Hans M Groenewoud, Dick F Stegeman, Baziel G M van Engelen, Gea Drost and Gert Jan van der Wilt
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:43
  14. Development of a long-term stroke care plan requires serial assessment of long-term patient function and consideration of caregiver mood. However, to date, few comprehensive cohort studies have included both s...

    Authors: Won Hyuk Chang, Min Kyun Sohn, Jongmin Lee, Deog Young Kim, Sam-Gyu Lee, Yong-Il Shin, Gyung-Jae Oh, Yang-Soo Lee, Min Cheol Joo, Eun Young Han and Yun-Hee Kim
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:42
  15. Neuropsychological batteries are infrequently used to assess cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis because they are time-consuming and require trained personnel. The Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) is...

    Authors: Mariana López-Góngora, Luis Querol and Antonio Escartín
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:40
  16. Postpolio syndrome (PPS) is characterized by progressive disabilities that develop decades after prior paralytic poliomyelitis. Because chronic inflammation may be the process underlying the development of PPS...

    Authors: Yao-Hsien Huang, Hung-Chou Chen, Kuang-Wei Huang, Po-Chih Chen, Chaur-Jong Hu, Chin-Piao Tsai, Ka-Wai Tam and Yi-Chun Kuan
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:39
  17. Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis (TPP) is a life-threatening channelopathy manifesting as recurrent episodes of hypokalemia and muscle weakness in the presence of hyperthyroidism. Recent findings indicate defects...

    Authors: Xiaobing Li, Sheng Yao, Yining Xiang, Xiaolei Zhang, Xiangbing Wu, Laimin Luo, Haihua Huang, Min Zhu, Hui Wan and Daojun Hong
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:38
  18. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of Rosiglitazone (RSG) infusion therapy following minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH) evacuation on perihematomal secon...

    Authors: Guofeng Wu, Junjie Wu, Yu Jiao, Likun Wang, Fan Wang and Yingjun Zhang
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:37
  19. Transient ischemic attacks (TIA) are characterized by acute onset focal neurological symptoms and complete recovery within 24 hours. Attacks of nonfocal symptoms not fulfilling the criteria for TIA but lacking...

    Authors: Frank G van Rooij, Anil M Tuladhar, Roy PC Kessels, Sarah E Vermeer, Bozena M Góraj, Peter J Koudstaal, David G Norris, Frank-Erik de Leeuw and Ewoud J van Dijk
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:36
  20. Stroke is the second largest cause of death worldwide. Hypercoagulability is a key feature in ischaemic stroke due to the development of an abnormally dense clot structure but techniques assessing the mechanic...

    Authors: Sophia N Stanford, Ahmed Sabra, Lindsay D’Silva, Matthew Lawrence, Roger HK Morris, Sharon Storton, Martyn Rowan Brown, Vanessa Evans, Karl Hawkins, Phylip Rhodri Williams, Simon J Davidson, Mushtaq Wani, John F Potter and Phillip A Evans
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:35
  21. Clinical studies have tested the use of an engineered herpes virus to treat pain. We hypothesized that subcutaneous injections of an engineered herpes virus that expresses enkephalin would attenuate orofacial ...

    Authors: Phillip R Kramer, Mikhail Umorin and Larry L Bellinger
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:34
  22. Hyperechogenicity of the substantia nigra was recently reported in patients with sporadic ALS with a frequency similar to PD. Data on the diagnostic utility compared to key differential diagnoses of ALS do not...

    Authors: Andreas Hermann, Ulrike Reuner, Jochen Schaefer, Panteha Fathinia, Tordis Leimert, Jan Kassubek, Mario Leimert, Albert C Ludolph and Alexander Storch
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:33
  23. Because our previous study showed disparate voxel based morphometry (VBM) results between SPM and FSL softwares in the brain of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients with frontotemporal dementia (ALS-FTD), we...

    Authors: Venkateswaran Rajagopalan and Erik P Pioro
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:32
  24. Cognitive impairment commonly occurs in the acute phase post-stroke, but may persist with over half of all stroke survivors experiencing some form of long-term cognitive deficit. Recent evidence suggests that ...

    Authors: Lisa Mellon, Linda Brewer, Patricia Hall, Frances Horgan, David Williams and Anne Hickey
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:31
  25. Family history (FH) is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, especially coronary artery disease (CAD). The impact on risk of stroke is less clear. This study investigated young and middle-aged ischemic str...

    Authors: Halvor Øygarden, Annette Fromm, Kristin Modalsli Sand, Geir Egil Eide, Lars Thomassen, Halvor Naess and Ulrike Waje-Andreassen
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:30
  26. About 20% of patients with a first ischaemic stroke will experience a new vascular event within the first year. The atherosclerotic burden, an indicator of the extension of atherosclerosis in a patient, has be...

    Authors: Joaquín Serena, Tomás Segura, Jaume Roquer, María García-Gil and José Castillo
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:28
  27. Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) as a pure sensory variant is rarely encountered. Therefore the best treatment option is hard to define.

    Authors: Elisabeth Chroni, Dimitra Veltsista, Evangelia Gavanozi, Tavitha Vlachou, Panagiotis Polychronopoulos and Panagiotis Papathanasopoulos
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:27
  28. We peformed a ventral intermediate nucleus (Vim) thalamotomy in a patient with Holmes’ tremor and palatal tremor. The frequencies of these movement disorders were 4 Hz and 3 Hz, respectively. Vim thalamotomy s...

    Authors: Futaba Maki, Sumito Sato, Katsushige Watanabe, Toshiyuki Yanagisawa, Yuta Hagiwara, Takahiro Shimizu and Yasuhiro Hasegawa
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:26
  29. Horizontal gaze palsy with progressive scoliosis (HGPPS) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the ROBO3 gene, resulting in a critical absence of crossing fibers in the brainstem.

    Authors: Shuhei Yamada, Yoshiko Okita, Tomoko Shofuda, Ema Yoshioka, Masahiro Nonaka, Kosuke Mori, Shin Nakajima and Yonehiro Kanemura
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:25
  30. The prognostic impact of preadmission use of calcium channel blockers (CCBs) and beta blockers (BBs) on stroke mortality remains unclear. We aimed to examine whether preadmission use of CCBs or BBs was associa...

    Authors: Jens Sundbøll, Morten Schmidt, Erzsébet Horváth-Puhó, Christian F Christiansen, Lars Pedersen, Hans Erik Bøtker and Henrik T Sørensen
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:24
  31. Subarachnoid hemorrhage caused by a ruptured intracranial aneurysm (RIA) is a devastating condition with significant morbidity and mortality. Despite the fact that RIAs can be prevented by microsurgical clippi...

    Authors: Jing Xu, Feiqiang Ma, Wei Yan, Sen Qiao, Shengquan Xu, Yi Li, Jianhong Luo, Jianmin Zhang and Jinghua Jin
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:23
  32. Pol III-related leukodystrophies, including 4H leukodystrophy, are recently recognized disorders that comprise hypomyelination and various neurologic and non-neurologic clinical manifestations. We report the u...

    Authors: Ana Potic, Vera Popovic, Jelena Ostojic, Sandra Pekic, Dusko Kozic, Kether Guerrero, Raphael Schiffmann and Geneviève Bernard
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:22
  33. People with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) endure walking limitations. To address this restriction, various physical rehabilitation programs have been implemented with no consensus regarding their efficacy. Our obj...

    Authors: Alon Kalron, Dalia Nitzani, David Magalashvili, Mark Dolev, Shay Menascu, Yael Stern, Uri Rosenblum, Diana Pasitselsky, Lior Frid, Gabi Zeilig, Caroline Barmatz, Uri Givon and Anat Achiron
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:21
  34. The NINDS-Canadian Stroke Network (NINDS-CSN) recommended a neuropsychological battery of three protocols to diagnose vascular cognitive impairment (VCI), however, due to culture and language differences, the ...

    Authors: Xiangliang Chen, Adrian Wong, Ruidong Ye, Lulu Xiao, Zhaojun Wang, Ying Lin, Fang Yang, Hua Li, Ting Feng, Lihui Duan, Yunfei Han, Qiliang Dai, Juan Du, Gelin Xu, Vincent Mok, Yunyun Xiong…
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:20
  35. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), with morphological and functional abnormalities limiting the electron transport chain and ATP productio...

    Authors: Aaron N Long, Katrina Owens, Anna E Schlappal, Tibor Kristian, Paul S Fishman and Rosemary A Schuh
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:19
  36. The clinical features of myositis related with Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) remains unclear despite epidemiological studies suggesting inflammatory myopathy associated with the virus.

    Authors: Eiji Matsuura, Akiko Yoshimura, Satoshi Nozuma, Itsuro Higuchi, Ryuji Kubota and Hiroshi Takashima
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:18
  37. Achieving optimal symptom control with minimal side effects is a major goal in clinical practice. Dual-agent dopamine receptor agonist (DA) therapy in Parkinson’s disease (PD) may represent a promising approac...

    Authors: Jong-Min Kim, Sun Ju Chung, Jae Woo Kim, Beom Seok Jeon, Pritibha Singh, Stephan Thierfelder, Junji Ikeda and Lars Bauer
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:17
  38. Uric acid has antioxidant effects on neurons. Abnormally high levels of uric acid are, however, associated with gout. Previous studies have suggested that high levels of uric acid (and the presence of gout) ma...

    Authors: Julia Pakpoor, Olena O Seminog, Sreeram V Ramagopalan and Michael J Goldacre
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:16
  39. Unusual presentations of multiple sclerosis (MS) at onset may post a diagnostic dilemma to the treating neurologists. Spinal myoclonus is rare in MS and may lead to perform extensive investigations to rule out...

    Authors: Raed Abdullah Alroughani, Samar Farouk Ahmed, Riyadh Ahmed Khan and Jasem Yousef Al-Hashel
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:15
  40. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and patients often have visual disorders. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is characterized by a memory deficit when compared with those of a similar...

    Authors: Dachuan Liu, Lina Zhang, Zhen Li, Xuxiang Zhang, Yue Wu, Huiqing Yang, Baoquan Min, Xinqing Zhang, Daqing Ma and Yan Lu
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:14
  41. Mutations of the lamin A/C gene have been associated with several diseases such as Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, dilated cardiomyopathy and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, referred to as laminopathies. Only one...

    Authors: Naotoshi Iwahara, Shin Hisahara, Takashi Hayashi, Jun Kawamata and Shun Shimohama
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:13
  42. Youth with spina bifida (SB) are less fit and active than other groups with childhood disability. While recent studies have shown benefits of exercise training, the increased fitness levels do not sustain or l...

    Authors: Manon AT Bloemen, Olaf Verschuren, Claudia van Mechelen, Hanneke E Borst, Arina J de Leeuw, Marsha van der Hoef and Janke F de Groot
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:11
  43. Effective treatment of locomotor dysfunction in Parkinson disease (PD) is essential, as gait difficulty is an early and major contributor to disability. Exercise is recommended as an adjunct to traditional tre...

    Authors: Gammon M Earhart, Ryan P Duncan, John L Huang, Joel S Perlmutter and Kristen A Pickett
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:9
  44. Phosphorylcholine is one of the major epitopes of oxidised low density lipoprotein. Low levels of IgM antibodies against phosphorylcholine (anti-PC) are associated with development of myocardial infarction and...

    Authors: Edina Silajdžić, Maria Björkqvist and Oskar Hansson
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:8
  45. Castleman’s disease is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder which occurs in localized and multicentric forms and can mimic lymphoma. Despite its well-known association with certain autoimmune diseases, includin...

    Authors: Vikram R Rao, Leland E Lim, Dean Fong, Nina I Garga and Karen L Parko
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2015 15:4

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