Figure 3

Inflammatory cortical demyelination is present and common in early MS. (A-C) Tissue obtained at autopsy form patients with acute MS: (A) Prominent cortical demyelination in the neocortex with the presence of all cortical lesion types: extensive subpial demyelination, intracortical demyelination (white arrow) and leukocortical demyelination (black arrow) (PLP, scale bar = 2.5 mm); (B) Cortical demyelination in the hippocampus (PLP, scale bar = 2.5 mm); (C) Subpial cerebellar demyelinated lesion (PLP, scale bar = 500 μm). (D-E) Inflammatory cortical demyelination in the cortex from biopsied patients: (D) Demyelinated cortex (arrowhead indicates a neuron) infiltrated by myelin-laden macrophages consistent with active demyelination (arrows) (PLP; scale bar = 50 μm); (E) Perivascular inflammation, degenerating neurons (arrowheads) scattered among normal-looking neurons (black arrows) and reactive astrocytes (white arrows) are present in cortical lesions in early MS (HE, scale bar = 50 μm); (F) Lymphocytic perivascular and diffuse inflammatory infiltrates in the demyelinated cortex (CD3, scale bar = 250 μm).