Reference | Association |
---|---|
Groot et al. et al. [24] | Controlled for subcortical, periventricular WMLs were associated with memory and executive function/processing speed. |
Shenkin et al. [25] | Subcortical and periventricular WMLs were not associated with any of the cognitive measurements. |
Baune et al. [26] | Subcortical WMLs were associated with memory. |
As a subgroup of subcortical WMLs, infarction lesions were associated with executive function/processing speed. | |
Periventricular WMLs were not associated with any of the cognitive functions. | |
Kim et al. [27] | Only periventricular WML was significantly correlated with memory and executive function/processing speed, when both the periventricular and subcortical WMLs were entered simultaneously into the regression model. |
Silbert et al. [28] | Change in subcortical WMLs (excluding infarction lesions) was associated with memory decline. This association was not true for periventricular WMLs. |
McClleland et al. [21] | White matter lesions were associated with executive function/processing speed, in all white matter regions of cerebrum, cerebellum, and basal ganglia. |
Wright et al. [29] | Subcortical WMLs (including infarction lesions) were associated with executive function/processing speed, in regions of frontal and deep white matter. |
Kaplan et al. [30] | White matter lesions were associated with memory and executive function/processing speed, in frontal regions. |
Wakefield et al. [31] | White matter lesions were associated with executive function/processing speed in white matter regions of posterior corona radiata and splenium of corpus callosum. |
O’Brien et al. [32] | White matter lesions were associated with speed of memory retrieval and executive function/processing speed. |
Smith et al. [14] | White matter lesions were associated with memory and executive function/processing speed. White matter lesions in the following locations were significantly associated with memory: right inferior temporal-occipital, left temporal-occipital periventricular, and right parietal periventricular white matter; and anterior limb of internal capsule. Also, WMLs in the following regions were significantly associated with executive function: the bilateral inferior frontal, temporal-occipital periventricular, right parietal periventricular, and prefrontal white matter; and the anterior limb of the internal capsule bilaterally. |
Burns et al. [33] | For non-demented participants, only associate memory was associated with periventricular WMLs. For participants with early-stage Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), memory and executive function/processing speed were associated with both periventricular and subcortical WMLs. |
Ishii et al. [34] | For CDR=0 group, anterior periventricular WML and a test of executive function/processing speed were significantly correlated. |
Tullberg et al. [35] | In non-demented individuals, increased volumes of frontal (specifically prefrontal and dorsolateral), parietal, and occipital WML were separately associated with lower executive function/processing speed scores. |
 | Frontal WMLs were also associated with reduced memory function in non-demented group. No association was found for individuals with dementia. |