Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the subjects
Characteristic | Exercise (n=25) | Control (n=25) |
|---|---|---|
Age, mean ± SD, y | 75.3 ± 7.5 | 76.8 ± 6.8 |
Men, No. (%), n | 13 (52.0) | 14 (56.0) |
Educational level, mean ± SD, y | 11.1 ± 2.4 | 10.8 ± 2.7 |
Blood pressure, mean ± SD, mmHg | ||
Diastolic | 77.3 ± 11.1 | 74.3 ± 10.1 |
Systolic | 152.2 ± 21.0 | 143.7 ± 21.3 |
Diagnosis, No. (%), n | ||
Hyper tension (1*) | 13 (52.0) | 11 (44.0) |
Heart disease (1*) | 2 (8.0) | 0 (0) |
Diabetes Mellitus | 5 (20.0) | 3 (12.0) |
Medication, 3 and over | 10 (40.0) | 11 (44.0) |
Blood test, mean ± SD | ||
Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 212.6 ± 36.9 | 202.8 ± 32.2 |
Triglyceride, mg/dL | 146.8 ± 73.7 | 130.4 ± 112.3 |
Glucose, mg/dL | 116.3 ± 27.1 | 110.4 ± 23.4 |
HA1c, % | 5.6 ± 0.6 | 5.4 ± 0.5 |
Cognitive functions, mean ± SD | ||
MMSE, score | 26.8 ± 1.8 | 26.6 ± 1.6 |
WMS-LM I, score | 12.5 ± 5.9 | 12.0 ± 4.9 |
WMS-LM II, score | 8.2 ± 5.4 | 6.9 ± 5.0 |
DSC, s | 47.5 ± 15.4 | 44.3 ± 16.3 |
LVFT, score | 16.0 ± 5.3 | 16.9 ± 6.0 |
CVFT, score | 33.1 ± 6.9 | 31.2 ± 7.7 |
SCWT-I, s | 22.6 ± 9.7 | 23.4 ± 11.1 |
SCWT-III, s | 42.0 ± 13.7 | 41.5 ± 17.7 |
TMIG index, mean ± SD, score | ||
IADL | 5.0 ± 0.2 | 4.9 ± 0.3 |
Intellectual activity | 3.8 ± 0.4 | 3.8 ± 0.4 |
Social role | 3.6 ± 0.9 | 3.6 ± 0.8 |
Total | 12.3 ± 1.1 | 12.3 ± 0.9 |
GDS, mean ± SD, score | 3.0 ± 2.1 | 2.6 ± 2.0 |