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Table 7 Primary analysis: adjusted associations between incontinence status and quality of life (QOL)/productivity measures using linear regression models (n = 324)

From: Impact of urinary incontinence on health-related quality of life, daily activities, and healthcare resource utilization in patients with neurogenic detrusor overactivity

Quality of life outcomes

Incontinence status

Base-case analysis

Sensitivity analysis

Incontinence (Yes vs. No)

R2

Average number of UI episodes per day

R2

Number of UI episodes (Ordinal)c

R2

EQ-5D utility score a

−0.04 (0.03)

0.21

−0.01 (0.00)*

0.22

0 ≤ n ≤ 4

−0.02 (0.03)

0.22

n > 4

−0.07 (0.03)*

I-QOL score a

−10.39 (2.52)***

0.25

−1.03 (0.29)***

0.24

0 ≤ n ≤ 4

−8.47 (2.69)**

0.26

n > 4

−13.66 (2.97)***

OAB-q symptom severity score a

15.01 (2.58)***

0.22

1.65 (0.29)***

0.22

0 ≤ n ≤ 4

11.92 (2.72)***

0.25

n > 4

20.27 (3.01)***

OAB-q HRQL total score a

−8.69 (2.72)**

0.19

−1.03 (0.30)***

0.19

0 ≤ n ≤ 4

−6.63 (2.89)*

0.20

n > 4

−12.22 (3.18)***

WPAI – percent activity impairment due to problem a

8.23 (3.41)*

0.15

1.40 (0.38)***

0.17

0 ≤ n ≤ 4

4.88 (3.62)

0.17

n > 4

13.95 (4.03)**

WPAI – percent work time miss due to problem‡ a,b

3.69 (5.66)

0.22

1.51 (1.15)

0.24

0 ≤ n ≤ 4

3.51 (5.90)

0.22

n > 4

4.71 (8.98)

WPAI – percent impairment while working due to problem‡ a,b

3.70 (7.13)

0.28

3.14 (1.42)*

0.34

0 ≤ n ≤ 4

1.69 (7.16)

0.31

n > 4

15.93 (11.33)

WPAI – percent overall work impairment due to problem‡ a,b

3.04 (8.96)

0.27

1.94 (1.79)

0.28

0 ≤ n ≤ 4

3.30 (9.30)

0.27

n > 4

1.21 (13.88)

  1. †All analyses adjusted for time since diagnosis, age, male sex, race, education, insurance status, country, and whether having the following comorbidities: psychological/psychiatric conditions, hypertension, diabetes, and dementia.
  2. ‡Comorbidities were not included as covariates.
  3. aMean regression coefficient (non-exponentiated) (standard error).
  4. bPopulation restricted to patients that were on paid employment (n = 68).
  5. cReference group: patients that reported no leakages.
  6. *p < 0.05 **p < 0.01 ***p < 0.001.