Inclusion criteria | The 4C–MCI cohort | The 4C–Dementia cohort |
• Cognitive performance | subjective cognitive complaints and/or objective cognitive impairments | objective cognitive impairments |
• Fulfil the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for dementia [12] | No | Yes |
• Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) Scale [34] | 0–0.5 | 0.5–2 |
• Mini Metal State Examination (MMSE) score [35] | Not specified | ≥10 |
• Age | ≥ 55 years | Not specified |
Exclusion criteria (similar for both cohorts) | ||
• The absence of a reliable informant (who has contact with the participant for at least once a week); | ||
• If the participant was expected unable to have at least one follow-up based on clinical judgment of the physician responsible for the care of the patient at the memory clinic; | ||
• The presence of other neurological disorders that could cause cognitive impairment or affect cognitive performance, such as Parkinson’s Disease, Huntington’s Disease, Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (NPH), Korsakov’s syndrome, and a medical history of brain tumour, encephalitis or epilepsy. However, participants suffering from other cerebrovascular or psychiatric disorders were included in the studies. |