Table 1 Baseline characteristics
Variables | Overall (n = 2864) | No ECAS or ICAS (n = 1388) | Only ECAS (n = 141) | Only ICAS (n = 1074) | ECAS + ICAS (n = 261) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (Mean ± SD) | 61.9 ± 11.2 | 61.2 ± 11.2 | 64.7 ± 10.4 | 62.1 ± 11.5 | 63.6 ± 10.1 | <0.001 |
Gender (male) | 1944(67.8) | 938(67.6) | 110(78.0) | 696(64.8) | 200(76.6) | <0.001 |
Stroke risk factors | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Diabetes mellitus | 991(34.6) | 414(29.3) | 50(35.5) | 418(38.9) | 109(41.8) | <0.001 |
 Hypertension | 2238(78.1) | 1056(76.1) | 105(74.5) | 866(80.6) | 211(80.8) | 0.02 |
 Hyperlipidemia | 2173(75.9) | 1042(75.1) | 119(84.4) | 807(75.1) | 205(78.5) | 0.05 |
 Family history of stroke | 296(10.3) | 122(8.8) | 16(11.4) | 112(10.4) | 46(17.6) | <0.001 |
 History of cerebral ischemia | 2018(70.5) | 930(67.0) | 117(83.0) | 772(71.9) | 199(76.3) | <0.001 |
 History of hemorrhagic stroke | 54(1.9) | 29(2.1) | 3(2.1) | 19(1.8) | 3(1.2) | 0.73 |
 Coronary heart disease | 228(8.0) | 102(7.4) | 17(12.1) | 88(8.2) | 21(8.1) | 0.30 |
 Heavy drinking | 142(5.0) | 66(4.8) | 9(6.4) | 51(4.8) | 16(6.1) | 0.66 |
Smoking status | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | <0.001 |
 Never smoker | 1568(54.8) | 774(55.8) | 53(37.6) | 623 (58.0) | 118 (45.2) |  |
 Former smoker | 247(8.6) | 118(8.5) | 17(12.1) | 84 (7.8) | 28 (10.7) |  |
 Current smoker | 1049(36.6) | 496(35.7) | 71(50.4) | 367 (34.2) | 115 (40.1) |  |
Comorbidities | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 COPD | 12(0.4) | 8(0.6) | 1(0.7) | 2(0.2) | 1(0.4) | 0.47 |
 Hepatic cirrhosis | 7(0.2) | 1(0.1) | 0(0.0) | 5(0.5) | 1(0.4) | 0.22 |
 Peptic ulcer or previous GIB | 80(2.8) | 43(3.1) | 6(4.3) | 23(2.1) | 8(3.1) | 0.34 |
 Arthritis | 46(1.6) | 16(1.2) | 3(2.1) | 26(2.4) | 1(0.4) | 0.03 |
 Dementia | 19(0.7) | 8(0.6) | 1(0.7) | 9(0.8) | 1(0.4) | 0.81 |
 Cancer | 48(1.7) | 23(1.7) | 5(3.6) | 17(1.6) | 3(1.2) | 0.32 |
 Peripheral angiopathy | 21(0.7) | 9(0.7) | 1(0.7) | 7(0.7) | 4(1.5) | 0.47 |
Index event | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.01 |
 Transient ischemic attack | 208(7.3) | 106(7.6) | 19(13.5) | 62(5.8) | 21(8.1) |  |
 Acute ischemic stroke | 2656(92.7) | 1282(92.4) | 122(86.5) | 1012(94.2)) | 240(92.0) |  |
SBP at admission, mm Hg (median, IQR) | 150(135–167) | 150(136–165) | 150(130–165) | 150(135–170) | 150(135–162) | 0.31 |
DBP at admission, mm Hg (median, IQR) | 88(80–95) | 89(80–96) | 85(80–90) | 87(80–95) | 85(80–95) | 0.23 |
NIHSS at admission (median, IQR) | 4(1–7) | 3(1–5) | 3(1–5) | 4(2–8) | 5(2–10) | <0.001 |
Fasting blood glucose, mmol/L (median, IQR) | 5.4(4.8–6.8) | 5.3(4.7–6.6) | 5.3(4.8–6.2) | 5.7(4.9–7.2) | 5.8(4.8–7.1) | <0.001 |
TG, mmol/L (median, IQR) | 1.5(1.1–2.1) | 1.5(1.1–2.2) | 1.6(1.1–2.1) | 1.5(1.1–2.1) | 1.4(1.1–2.0) | 0.15 |
TC, mmol/L (median, IQR) | 4.66(4.00–5.38) | 4.67(4.06–5.40) | 4.58(3.87–5.33) | 4.68(3.98–5.38) | 4.50(3.95–5.35) | 0.15 |
HDL, mmol/L (median, IQR) | 1.12(0.96–1.32) | 1.15(0.98–1.36) | 1.08(0.95–1.29) | 1.09(0.95–1.29) | 1.08(0.91–1.27) | <0.001 |
LDL, mmol/L (median, IQR) | 2.82(2.27–3.45) | 2.83(2.26–3.43) | 2.74(2.28–3.40) | 2.84(2.28–3.47) | 2.82(2.25–3.49) | 0.91 |