Condition | Parkinson’s N (prevalence %) N = 2640 | No Parkinson’s N (prevalence %) N = 507,862 | Odds ratio (95% CI) (standardised by age, gender and deprivation)a |
---|---|---|---|
Constipation | 725 (27.5) | 29,629 (5.8) | 3.92 (3.57–4.31) |
Viral hepatitis | 1 (0.0) | 1684 (0.0) | 2.03 (0.27–14.99) p = 0.48 |
Epilepsy | 47 (1.8) | 5109 (1.0) | 1.79 (1.34–2.40) |
Multiple sclerosis | 9 (0.3) | 1683 (0.3) | 1.53 (0.79–2.97) p = 0.20 |
Visual impairment | 77 (2.9) | 6297 (1.2) | 1.37 (1.09–1.73) |
Stroke or transient ischaemic attack | 363 (13.8) | 33,146 (6.5) | 1.37 (1.22–1.53) |
Painful condition | 573 (21.7) | 85,233 (16.8) | 1.34 (1.22–1.47) |
Irritable bowel syndrome | 123 (4.6) | 21,903 (4.3) | 1.33 (1.11–1.60) |
Cirrhosis/chronic liver disease/alcoholic liver disease | 9 (0.3) | 1684 (0.3) | 1.27 (0.66–2.46) p = 0.46 |
Coronary heart disease | 664 (25.2) | 74,789 (14.7) | 1.22 (1.11–1.33) |
Prostate disease | 155 (5.9) | 13,252 (2.6) | 1.25 (1.05–1.48) |
Heart failure | 178 (6.7) | 17,193 (3.4) | 1.17 (1.00–1.37) p = 0.04 |
Any new cancer in the last 5 years | 267 (10.1) | 32,629 (6.4) | 1.16 (1.02–1.32) p = 0.02 |
Thyrotoxicosis/thyroid disorders incl. Hypothyroidism | 291 (11.0) | 47,874 (9.4) | 1.15 (1.01–1.31) |
Glaucoma | 135 (5.1) | 14,166 (2.8) | 1.15 (0.96–1.37) p = 0.10 |
Dyspepsia | 326 (12.4) | 51,172 (10.1) | 1.13 (1.01–1.22) |
Peripheral vascular disease (PVD) | 150 (5.7) | 18,800 (3.7) | 1.08 (0.91–1.28) p = 0.34 |
Diverticular disease | 239 (9.1) | 30,692 (6.0) | 1.06 (0.92–1.21) p = 0.38 |
Atrial fibrillation | 212 (8.0) | 22,378 (4.4) | 1.03 (0.89–1.18) p = 0.67 |
Diabetes | 348 (13.2) | 55,548 (10.9) | 1.02 (0.91–1.14) p = 0.72 |
Inflammatory arthritis and related conditions incl. Gout | 269 (10.2) | 41,973 (8.3) | 1.02 (0.90–1.16) p = 0.71 |
Inflammatory bowel disease | 25 (0.9) | 4787 (0.9) | 1.02 (0.69–1.52) p = 0.89 |
Hearing loss | 284 (10.8) | 36,486 (7.2) | 1.01 (0.89–1.14) p = 0.89 |
Psoriasis or eczema | 26 (0.9) | 4775 (0.9) | 0.93 (0.63–1.08) p = 0.74 |
Chronic sinusitis | 17 (0.6) | 4334 (0.9) | 0.91 (0.56–1.47) p = 0.70 |
Active asthma | 141 (5.3) | 32,307 (6.4) | 0.88 (0.74–1.04) p = 0.14 |
Migraine | 8 (0.3) | 3697 (0.7) | 0.84 (0.42–1.69) p = 0.64 |
Hypertension | 1087 (41.1) | 192,833 (38.0) | 0.82 (0.76–0.89) |
Bronchiectasis | 11 (0.4) | 2311 (0.5) | 0.81 (0.46–1.48) p = 0.50 |
Chronic kidney disease | 226 (8.6) | 31,719 (6.3) | 0.80 (0.70–0.91) |