Table 1 Synthesis of findings for interrater reliability, test-retest reliability and internal consistency of pain observational scales

Scale

Population

Interrater Reliability^b

PAINAD

Cancer patients

0.97-0.98 (ICC); k=80

PACS

LAC

Elderly patients with dementia

0.917 (ICC 2,1)

CPOT

Critical patients

86-100%

FACS

Intellectual disabled patients

93%

CPOT

Mechanically ventilated patients

k=84

Test-Retest Reliability^b

PACSLAC

Patients with post-stroke aphasia

0.88-0.95 (ICC)

FLACC

Elderly patients with dementia

0.73 (ICC)

Internal Consistency^b

CPOT

Mechanically ventilated patients

0.95 (Cronbach α)

Pain Indicators for Brain-Injured Patients^a

Patients with brain injury

0.95 (Cronbach α)

COMFORT

Mechanically ventilated patients

0.90 (Cronbach α)

PACSLAC II

Patients with post-stroke aphasia

0.83 (Cronbach α)

BPS

Mechanically ventilated patients

0.80-0.94 (Cronbach α)

0.77-0.95 (ICC)

PAINAD

Critical patients

0.80

PACSLAC

Patients with post-stroke aphasia

0.71 (Cronbach α)

NOPPAIN

Elderly patients with dementia

0.80-0.97 (Cronbach α)

PAINAD

Cancer patients

Patients with brain injury

0.72-0.75 (Cronbach α)