Table 1 Demographics and clinical characteristics of patients with vascular parkinsonism, Parkinson’s disease, and controls

Age (Mean /SD) ^

58.6 (6.2)

63.1 (10.3)

58.86 (8.2)

0.054

Gender(Male/female)

36 / 12 (75% / 25%)

21 / 6 (77.8%/ 22.2%)

16 / 13 (55.2%/ 44.8%)

0.111

Functioning

Non-functioning

5 (10.4%)

5 (18.5%)

0 (0.0%)

0.027*

Functioning

29 (60.4%)

8 (29.6%)

16 (55.2%)

Retired

14 (29.2%)

14 (51.9%)

13 (44.8%)

Number of vascular risk factors

0

26 (54.2%)

0 (0.0%)

29 (100%)

< 0.001*

1

14 (29.2%)

1 (3.7%)

0 (0.0%)

2

6 (12.5%)

15 (55.6%)

0 (0.0%)

3

2 (4.2%)

8 (29.6%)

0 (0.0%)

4

0 (0.0%)

3 (11.1%)

0 (0.0%)

Smoking

Non-smoker

32 (66.7%)

11 (40.7%)

25 (86.2%)

< 0.001*

Smoker

6 (12.5%)

16 (59.3%)

4 (13.8%)

Ex-smoker

10 (20.8%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

Years of education^τ(median/range)

6 (0–18)

8 (0–13)

7 (0–16)

0.613

Substance abuse

2 (4.2%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

0.304

Diabetes mellitus

9 (18.8%)

7 (25.9%)

0 (0.0%)

0.018*

Hypertension

13 (27.1%)

25 (92.6%)

0 (0.0%)

< 0.001*

Hepatitis C virus

1 (2.1%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

0.555

Ischemic heart disease

8 (16.7%)

9 (33.3%)

0 (0.0%)

0.003*

Hyperlipidemia

2 (4.2%)

27 (100.0%)

0 (0.0%)

< 0.001*

Consanguinity

14 (29.2%)

1 (3.7%)

0 (0.0%)

< 0.001*

Family History of Neuropsychiatric Illness

No

35 (72.9%)

26 (96.3%)

29 (100.0%)

0.025*

Parkinson’s disease

12 (25%)

1 (3.7%)

0 (0.0%)

Psychiatric

1 (2.1%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

Dementia

1 (2.1%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)