Table 4 Carotid duplex and transcranial colour-coded doppler findings among all study groups

Carotid Duplex

Number

47

24

29

Right CCA IMT

0.91 (0.30)

1.10 (0.56)

0.80 (0.20)

< 0.001*

0.011*

0.004*

< 0.001*

Left CCA IMT

1 (0.35)

1.15 (0.40)

0.8 (0.20)

< 0.001*

0.011*

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

Right ICA PSV

33.20 (15.7)

29.35 (12.8)

41.70 (15.8)

0.012*

0.253

0.022*

0.006*

Left ICA PSV

34.40 (18.8)

28.10 (9.40)

39.90 (16.9)

0.004*

0.049*

0.054

0.001*

Carotid Plaques

5 (10.4%)

4 (14.8%)

0 (0.0%)

0.120

Transcranial colour-coded doppler

Number (poor widow)

47 (1)

24 (3)

29 (0)

Mean Flow Velocity (MFV)

Average MFV

52.64 (72.45)

45.95 (88.83)

59.30 (28.65)

0.002*

0.038*

0.019*

0.002*

Right MCA MFV

60.80 (22.1)

59.60 (29.2)

63.10 (11.60)

0.373

Left MCA MFV

68.60 (29.3)

56.90 (24.7)

67 (25.6)

0.066

Right PCA MFV

40.90 (11.7)

41.45 (15.0)

47.70 (9.4)

0.002*

0.666

< 0.001*

0.035*

Left PCA MFV

42 (16.6)

34.30 (16.3)

50.20 (18.9)

< 0.001*

0.038*

0.004*

< 0.001*

Pulsatility Index

Right MCA pulsatility index

0.80 (0.36)

0.99 (0.43)

0.77 (0.19)

0.016*

0.031*

0.410

0.004*

Left MCA pulsatility Index

0.86 (0.35)

0.80 (0.45)

0.74 (0.23)

0.152

Right PCA pulsatility index

0.75 (0.34)

0.89 (0.42)

0.69 (0.26)

0.012*

0.076

0.094

0.004*

Left PCA pulsatility Index

0.84 (0.40)

0.87 (0.46)

0.71 (0.16)

0.012*

0.511

0.010*

0.011*

Breath Holding Index (BHI)

Right MCA BHI

-0.86 (1.39)

-0.60 (0.99)

-0.14 (0.69)

0.036*

0.261

0.012*

0.195

Left MCA BHI

-0.89 (1.07)

-0.65 (1.25)

-0.13 (0.72)

< 0.001*

0.084

< 0.001*

0.110

Right PCA BHI

-0.80 (0.99)

-0.72 (1.36)

-0.02 (0.32)

< 0.001*

0.947

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

Left PCA BHI

-0.65 (1.96)

-0.39 (0.63)

-0.15(1.26)

0.007*

0.282

0.004*

0.019*

Substantia nigra hyperechogenicity

43 (91.5%)

5 (20.8%)

3 (10.3%)

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

0.288