Fig. 2

Depiction of the 3D-RWPT paradigms and resulting figure frames. A The subject was seated on a swivel chair in a standardized centered position in front of a white wall with a nine-point matrix (target arrangement) marked on it. The pointing device was calibrated to each point in a randomized order. Afterwards, the subject was asked to point to each target with their eyes closed in this initial position (a), following a passive 90° rotation to the non-dominant-hand side performed with visual feedback available during the rotation (b), back in the starting position following a passive rotation without visual feedback during the rotation (c), following a 90° passive rotation to the dominant-hand side with visual feedback available during the rotation (d), and back in the starting position without visual feedback during the rotation (e). B When plotting the resulting pointing vectors, the groupwise shape configurations can be analysed (a-e; black solid line figure frames: participants without cognitive or vestibular impairment; black dotted line figure frames: patients with BVP and normal cognition; red solid line figure frames: patients with cognitive impairment and normal peripheral-vestibular function; red dotted line figure frames: patients with cognitive impairment and BVP)