Fig. 6

Mean difference between deviation from world-based and retinotopic calibration in degrees (°). The preferred pointing strategy can be derived by subtracting the world-based deviation from the retinotopic deviation. A subject using mostly retinotopic spatial encoding will exhibit higher angular deviations in the world-based measurement, resulting in a negative value. This can be observed in azimuth direction in participants with cognitive impairment, while participants with normal cognition tend towards a world-based pattern (white bars with black dots: participants without cognitive or vestibular impairment, HP; black bars with white dots: patients with BVP and normal cognition; vertically striped bars: patients with cognitive impairment and normal peripheral-vestibular function; horizontally lined bars: patients with cognitive impairment and BVP)