Table 1 Baseline Characteristics and outcome differences of Ischemic Strokes in patients according to four categories as defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP)
Characteristic or Investigation | Total (n= 6558) | Low Normal (n=2019, 30.8%) | High Normal (n=2142, 32.7%) | Borderline High (1072, 16.3%) | High (n=1325, 20.2%) | P-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, Mean, years | 54.60 ± 12.890 | 56.13 ± 14.543 | 54.80 ± 12.647 | 53.59 ± 11.812 | 52.75 ± 11.006 | <0.001 |
Male | 5385 (82.1) | 1583 (78.4) | 1771 (82.7) | 902 (84.1) | 1129 (85.2) | <0.001 |
Hypertension | 4834 (73.7) | 1440 (71.3) | 1596 (74.5) | 796 (74.3) | 1002 (75.6) | 0.03 |
Diabetes | 3688 (56.2) | 933 (46.2) | 1195 (55.8) | 675 (63) | 885 (66.8) | <0.001 |
Dyslipidemia | 3306 (50.4) | 780 (38.6) | 1116 (52.1) | 615 (57.4) | 795 (60) | <0.001 |
Prior Stroke | 754 (11.5) | 256 (12.7) | 241 (11.3) | 119 (11.1) | 138 (10.4) | 0.20 |
Atrial Fibrillation on Admission | 482 (7.3) | 224 (11.1) | 154 (7.2) | 61 (5.7) | 43 (3.2) | <0.001 |
Coronary Artery Disease | 765 (11.7) | 247 (12.2) | 257 (12) | 110 (10.3) | 51 (11.4) | 0.39 |
Active Smoking | 1959 (29.9) | 466 (23.1) | 644 (30.1) | 358 (33.4) | 491 (37.1) | <0.001 |
Obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) | 1661 (25.3) | 428 (21.2) | 530 (24.7) | 300 (28) | 403 (30.4) | <0.001 |
NIHSS on admission | 5.05 ± 5.319 | 5.84 ± 6.013 | 5.09 ± 5.252 | 4.62 ± 4.940 | 4.14 ± 4.329 | <0.001 |
NIHSS Severity | ||||||
Mild (NIHHS 0-4) | 4114 (62.7) | 1184 (58.6) | 1334 (62.3) | 699 (65.2) | 897 (67.7) | <0.001 |
Moderate (NIHSS 5-10) | 1557 (23.7) | 463 (22.9) | 522 (24.4) | 254 (23.7) | 318 (24.0) | |
Severe (NIHSS >10) | 887 (13.5) | 372 (18.4) | 286 (13.4) | 119 (11.1) | 110 (8.3) | |
RBS on admission | 9.53 ± 4.91 | 8.52 ± 4.20 | 9.36 ± 4.71 | 10.23 ± 5.41 | 10.79 ± 5.43 | <0.001 |
HbA1c % | 7.47 ± 2.39 | 6.81 ± 2.06 | 7.36 ± 2.25 | 7.89 ± 2.56 | 8.30 ± 2.59 | <0.001 |
Serum Cholesterol | 4.86 ± 1.59 | 4.33 ± 1.47 | 4.85 ± 1.79 | 5.08 ± 1.34 | 5.49 ± 1.31 | <0.001 |
Serum HDL | 1.01 ± 0.29 | 1.13 ± 0.33 | 1.01 ± 0.26 | 0.95 ± 0.25 | 0.89 ± 0.23 | <0.001 |
Serum LDL | 3.05 ± 1.13 | 2.78 ± 1.03 | 3.15 ± 1.11 | 3.22 ± 1.21 | 3.16 ± 1.17 | <0.001 |
Systolic Blood Pressure | 157.70 ± 30.23 | 154.47 ± 30.48 | 158.50 ± 29.69 | 159.19 ± 30.45 | 160.12 ± 30.14 | <0.001 |
Diastolic Blood Pressure | 91.19 ± 19.25 | 89.31 ± 18.77 | 91.32 ± 19.47 | 92.48 ± 20.21 | 92.81 ± 18.59 | <0.001 |
Length of Stay | 5.41 ± 6.14 | 6.10 ± 6.89 | 5.29 ± 5.58 | 5.16 ± 5.99 | 4.75 ± 5.78 | <0.001 |
Complications during admission | 422(6.4) | 185(9.2) | 131(6.1) | 52(4.9) | 54(4.1) | <0.001 |
Aspiration Pneumonia | 199(3) | 87(4.3) | 64(3) | 23(2.1) | 25(1.9) | <0.001 |
Urosepsis | 146(2.2) | 66(3.3) | 42(2) | 22(2.1) | 16(1.2) | <0.001 |
Bed sores | 24(0.4) | 13(0.6) | 5(0.2) | 2(0.2) | 4(0.3) | 0.09 |
Sepsis | 136(2.1) | 58(2.9) | 42(2) | 15(1.4) | 21(1.6) | 0.02 |
Deep venous thrombosis | 5(0.1) | 3(0.1) | 0 | 2(0.2) | 0 | 0.13 |
Symptomatic bleed | 11(0.2) | 4(0.2) | 5(0.2) | 2(0.2) | 0 | 0.41 |
Prognosis –Discharge | ||||||
Good (mRS 0-2) | 3959 (60.4) | 1118 (55.4) | 1296 (60.5) | 680 (63.4) | 865 (65.3) | <0.001 |
Poor (mRS 3-6) | 2599 (39.6) | 901 (44.6) | 846 (39.5) | 392 (36.6) | 460 (34.7) | |
Prognosis 90-Days(n= 5021,76.6%) | ||||||
Good (mRS 0-2) | 3543 (70.6) | 1006 (65) | 1164 (71.5) | 613 (73.9) | 760 (74.9) | <0.001 |
Poor (mRS 3-6) | 1478 (29.4) | 542 (35.0) | 465 (28.5) | 216 (26.1) | 255 (25.1) | |
Mortality – At Discharge | 70 (1.1) | 29(1.4) | 32(1.5) | 4 (0.4) | 5 (0.4) | <0.001 |
Mortality at 90-Days | 179 (3.6) | 79 (5.1) | 64 (3.9) | 13 (1.6) | 23 (2.3) | <0.001 |
TOAST Classification | ||||||
Small Vessel Disease | 3182 (48.5) | 883 (43.7) | 1018 (47.5) | 537 (50.1) | 744 (56.2) | <0.001 |
Large Vessel Disease | 1385 (21.1) | 426 (21.1) | 461 (21.5) | 241 (22.5) | 257 (19.4) | |
Cardioembolic | 1207 (18.4) | 436 (21.6) | 414 (19.3) | 173 (16.1) | 184 (13.9) | |
Stroke of Determined Origin | 489 (7.5) | 174 (8.6) | 161 (7.5) | 69 (6.4) | 85 (6.4) | |
Stroke of Undetermined Origin | 295 (4.5) | 100 (5) | 88 (4.1) | 52 (4.9) | 55 (4.2) | |
One Year Outcome | ||||||
Recurrent Stroke (Ischemic or Hemorrhagic) | 122 (2.4) | 37 (2.4) | 38 (2.3) | 20 (2.4) | 27 (2.5) | 0.98 |
Post-Stroke MI (fatal or non-fatal) | 39 (0.8) | 4 (0.3) | 16 (1) | 10 (1.2) | 9 (0.8) | 0.04 |
All-Cause Mortality | 228 (4.5) | 103 (6.7) | 73 (4.4) | 27 (3.2) | 25 (2.4) | <0.001 |
Post-Stroke Cardiac Arrest | 55 (1.1) | 25 (1.6) | 13 (0.8) | 7 (0.8) | 10 (0.9) | 0.09 |
Post-Stroke Cardiac Revascularization (CABG or PCI) | 39 (0.8) | 10 (0.70) | 12 (0.7) | 7 (0.8) | 1 0(0.9) | 0.85 |
Total MACE at one year | 401 (6.1) | 152 (7.5) | 126 (5.9) | 57 (5.3) | 66 (5) | 0.01 |