Table 1 Methods used to assess CSF biomarkers

Aβ₄₂ (β-amyloid 1-42)

Elecsys β-amyloid 1-42 CSF performed at Roche Diagnostics, Indianapolis, IN

Parenchymal amyloid accumulation

p-tau₁₈₁ (tau phosphorylated at threonine 181)

Elecsys Phospho-Tau (181P) CSF performed at Roche Diagnostics, Indianapolis, IN

Tau tangle pathology

NfL^a (neurofilament light chain)

Uman, performed at Immunologix, Tampa, FL

Neuroaxonal degeneration

Ng^a (neurogranin)

Euroimmune, performed at Immunologix, Tampa, FL)

Postsynaptic injury

YKL-40^a (chitinase-3-like protein 1)

ELLA (Protein Simple), performed at Immunologix, Tampa, FL)

Microglial and astrocyte activation [39]